Association of ADHD and external distraction with driver responsibility, multivariate logistic regression (n = 777).

<p>Adjusted for internal distraction, alcohol use, psychotropic drug use, sleep deprivation, professional driver, gender, age, depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. (+) and (−) represent presence or absence of the risk factor.</p

Sample characteristics and univariate analysis of driver responsibility for road traffic crashes, univariate logistic regression (n = 777).

<p>Sample characteristics and univariate analysis of driver responsibility for road traffic crashes, univariate logistic regression (n = 777).</p

Association of ADHD and internal distraction with driver responsibility, multivariate logistic regression (n = 777).

<p>Adjusted for external distraction, alcohol use, psychotropic drug use, sleep deprivation, professional driver, gender, age, depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. (+) and (−) represent presence or absence of the risk factor.</p

Characteristics of the study population—Comparison between drivers responsible and not responsible for the road crash (n = 954).

<p>Characteristics of the study population—Comparison between drivers responsible and not responsible for the road crash (n = 954).</p

Sensitivity analyses of responsibility risk factors in road accidents.

<p>Sensitivity analyses of responsibility risk factors in road accidents.</p

French medication labeling system.

<p>French medication labeling system.</p

Level 2 and level 3 pharmacotherapeutic classes used on the crash day.

<p>Some drivers may have been exposed to several substances from the same pharmacological subgroup, explaining the difference with the number of exposed drivers presented in <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000366#pmed-1000366-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

ORs for responsible road traffic crashes by number of level 2 and/or level 3 medicines used.

a<p>ORs adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic category, year, month, day of week, time of day, location, vehicle type, alcohol level, and injury severity.</p><p>*<i>p<</i>0.001 (still significant after Bonferroni correction).</p><p>**<i>p<</i>0.0001.</p

ORs for responsible road traffic crashes in users of prescribed medicines by ATC class.

a<p>Model computed for the 62,766 drivers with no missing values for the adjustment variables.</p>b<p>ORs adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic category, year, month, day of week, time of day, location, vehicle type, alcohol level, injury severity, long-term chronic diseases, and other medicines.</p>c<p>Including opioids (<i>n = </i>1,585), other analgesics and antipyretics (<i>n = </i>22), and antimigraine preparations (<i>n = </i>281).</p>d<p>Including antipsychotics (<i>n = </i>558) and anxiolytics (<i>n = </i>2,250).</p>e<p>Including antidepressants (<i>n = </i>2,509), psychostimulants (<i>n = </i>56), and antidementia drugs (<i>n = </i>33).</p>f<p>Including drugs used in alcohol dependence (<i>n = </i>51), drugs used in opioid dependence (<i>n = </i>295), antivertigo preparations (<i>n = </i>7), and other nervous system drugs (<i>n = </i>16).</p><p>*<i>p<</i>0.05 (nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction α (corrected)  = 0.05/10 = 0.005).</p><p>**<i>p<</i>0.001.</p><p>***<i>p<</i>0.0001 (still significant after Bonferroni correction).</p

ORs for responsible road traffic crashes in users of prescribed medicines.

<p>Reference group, drivers not exposed to medicines of the risk level considered.</p>a<p>Crude ORs.</p>b<p>Model computed for the 62,766 drivers with no missing values for the adjustment variables.</p>c<p>ORs adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic category, year, month, day of week, time of day, location, vehicle type, alcohol level, injury severity and other level medicines.</p>d<p>ORs adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic category, year, month, day of week, time of day, location, vehicle type, alcohol level, injury severity, long-term chronic diseases, and other level medicines.</p><p>*<i>p<</i>0.01.</p><p>**<i>p<</i>0.001.</p><p>***<i>p<</i>0.0001.</p