The Associations between Self-Consciousness, Depressive State and Craving to Drink among Alcohol Dependent Patients Undergoing Protracted Withdrawal

Context In order to understand how certain personality traits influence the relation between depression symptoms and craving for alcohol, trait self-consciousness (trait SC) was examined during a withdrawal and detoxification program. Methods: Craving (Obsessive and Compulsive Drinking Scale), depressive state (Beck Depression Inventory) and trait SC (Revised Self-Consciousness Scale) were assessed in alcohol-dependent inpatients (DSM-IV, N = 30) both at the beginning (T1: day 1 or 2) and at the end (T2: day 14 to18) of protracted withdrawal during rehabilitation. Results: A significant decrease in craving and depressive symptoms was observed from T1 to T2, while SC scores remained stable. At both times, strong positive correlations were observed between craving and depression. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that trait SC significantly moderated the impact of depression on cravings for alcohol. Limitations This study was performed on a relatively small sample size. Administration of medications during detoxification treatment can also be a confounding factor. Finally, craving could have been evaluated through other types of measurements. Conclusions: During protracted withdrawal, alcohol craving decreased with the same magnitude as depressive mood. Depressive symptoms were related to alcohol craving but only among patients with high trait SC scores. Our results suggest that metacognitive approaches targeting SC could decrease craving and, in turn, prevent future relapses

Évaluation psychiatrique des candidats à une greffe de foie ou de rein

Dans cet article, nous allons présenter les éléments psychiatriques essentiels dont il faut tenir compte lors d’une transplantation hépatique ou rénale. Nous nous baserons sur les recommandations de la Société Américaine de Transplantation et sur notre propre expérience clinique des douze dernières années. Le diagnostic et le traitement des facteurs de risque psychiatriques peut réduire la morbidité post-opératoire. Nous insisterons sur le fait qu’une collaboration entre une équipe de transplantation et une équipe de psychiatrie de liaison est nécessaire.[Psychiatric evaluation of candidates for liver or kidney transplantation] In this paper, we will provide a briel overview of the main psychiatric Issues relevant to the phases of the hepatic or renal transplant process, following the recommendations of the American Society of the Transplant Physicians and our clinical experience of the past twelve years. We will consider the pre-transplant evaluation phase. Assessment and early treatment for the psychiatric risk factors may reduce post-transplant morbidity. In addition, we will cover the collaboration between the surgical team and the consultationliaison team

A Critical Comprehensive Review of Religiosity and Anxiety Disorders in Adults

Over the past three decades, there has been increasing research with respect to the relation of religion and mental health disorders. Consequently, the current article aims to first provide a comprehensive literature review of the interplay between different domains of religiosity and a wide variety of categorical anxiety disorders in adults, and secondly, to uncover the major methodological flaws often yielding mixed, contradictory and unreliable results. The search was conducted using the PubMed/Medline database and included papers published between 1970 and 2012, under a rigorous set of inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of ten publications were retained as part of the current study, and three main outcomes were identified: (1) certain aspects of religiosity and specific religious interventions have mostly had a protective impact on generalized anxiety disorder (40 % of the studies); (2) other domains of religiosity demonstrated no association with post-traumatic stress disorder (30 % of the studies); and (3) mixed results were seen for panic and phobic disorders

Evolution of scores of depression, craving and self consciousness during alcohol withdrawal.

<p>Depression scores were measured with the BDI (Beck et al., 1996; Bourque and Beaudette, 1982), obsessional (Obs) and compulsional (Comp) subscores of craving were measured by the OCDS (Anton et al., 1995, 1996; Ansseau et al., 2000), and self-consciousness were measured by the RSCS with subscores of Private (PrSC) and Public (PuSC) Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiety (SA) (Pelletier and Vallerand, 1990; Scheier and Carver, 1985) at both the onset (Time 1) and at the end (Time 2) of protracted withdrawal.</p

Multiple regression analyses predicting craving scores (T2) as a function of depression T2, SC T2, and their interaction.

*<p><i>p</i><0.05,</p>**<p><i>p</i><0.01,</p>***<p><i>p</i><0.001,</p>†<p><i>p</i><0.1.</p

Correlation matrix between variables at T1&T2 with each variables overall Mean and SD at T1&T2.

†<p>.05<<i>p</i><.10,</p>*<p>p<.05,</p>**<p>p<.01,</p>***<p>p<.001.</p><p>Abbreviations: T1 = Time 1, T2 = Time 2, BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, Ob = Obsessive factor, Co = Compulsive factor, Tot = Total craving, PrSC = Private Self-Consciousness; PuSC = Public Self-Consciousness; SA = Social Anxiety, SC = Self-Consciousness.</p><p>Values in the tables represent the Pearson-moment correlation coefficient (r).</p><p>Values in the tables represent the Pearson-moment correlation coefficient (r).</p

Relation between craving and depression scores as a function of self-consciousness.

<p>The relations were depicted for T1 (panel A) and T2 (panel B). In the four graphs, the curves around the regression line delineate a 95% confidence relation between craving and depression scores.</p

Multiple regression analyses predicting craving scores (T1) as a function of depression T1, SC T1 and their interaction.

*<p><i>p</i><0.05,</p>**<p><i>p</i><0.01,</p>***<p><i>p</i><0.001,</p>†<p><i>p</i><0.1.</p