Extraction of protein concentrate from red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation

Red Bean Protein Concentrate (RBPC) and their hydrolysates were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. The RBPC protein content was in the range of 57.38%-72.68% of the total sample content. RBPC protein profile showed a range of 15-100 kDa. Phaseolin protein was identified with bands of 45 and 50 kDa. Phaseolin protein was found in all the RBPC samples at the different pHs assayed. In the gastric digestion phase, bands from 60 to 100 kDa were totally hydrolyzed with pepsin. Phaseolin protein (45 and 50 kDa) presented resistance to gastric hydrolysis. All the RBPCs and gastrointestinal digest presented antioxidant activity using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances using the in vitro and in vivo methods. RBPC at pH 7.0 presented a value of 95.80 μmoL TE/g of RBPC (FRAP); 257.12 μmoL TE/g of RBPC (ABTS), and 1960 μmoL TE/g of RBPC (ORAC). Duodenal digest of RBPC presented high antioxidant activity with 225.77 μmoL TE/g of digest (FRAP); 345.21 μmoL TE/g of digest (ABTS); and 3256 μmoL TE/g of digest (ORAC). Gastric and duodenal digest of RBPC were used to inhibit lipid peroxidation using the in vitro method presenting a value of 87.95% and 93.0%, respectively. When the in vivo method in zebrafish larvae was used, values were 79.03% and 86.76%, respectively. RBPCs showed no reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition. However, RBPCs with gastric and gastrointestinal digests, presented ROS inhibition, 75.30% for gastric digests and 66.40% for gastrointestinal digests.Fil: Piñuel, Maria Lucrecia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Vilcacundo, Edgar. Universidad Estatal de Bolivar; EcuadorFil: Boeri, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Barrio, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Morales, Dayana. Universidad Técnica de Ambato; EcuadorFil: Pinto, Adelita. Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo; EcuadorFil: Moran, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Samaniego, Ivan. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; EcuadorFil: Carrillo, Wilman. Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo; Ecuado

Biological insecticides for the control Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, its incidence on yield

The work was carried out in farmers' fields of located in the area of Portoviejo, province of Manabí; with the objective of evaluating two biological insecticides, Methakill and Baukill with doses of 5, 10 and 15 mL L-1 of water for the control of S. frugiperda, being evaluated the populations of the insect before and after the application of the same. A Full Random Block Design was used, with three replicates. The chemical treatment (Lambda Cyhalothrin + Tiametoxan 1.5 mL L-1 of water) presented the lowest averages of damage (6.47 %), followed by the treatment that consisted of the spraying of Methakill in doses of 15 mL L-1 water with 10.57 % damage. The Control treatment had the highest percentages of involvement with 27.78 %. The highest yields were obtained in the treatments where Lambda Cyhalothrin + Tiametoxan 1.5 mL L-1 water and Methakill 15 mL L-1 water were applied, statistically equal to each other with 7989.24 and 6919.43 kg ha-1 respectively. The best Marginal Return Rate was obtained using the Methakill treatment 15 mL L-1 of water with 1043.45 %

Population pharmacokinetics of benznidazole in neonates, infants and children using a new pediatric formulation.

BackgroundThere is a major need for information on pharmacokinetics (PK) of benznidazole (BNZ) in children with Chagas disease (CD). We conducted a multicentre population PK, safety and efficacy study in children, infants and neonates with CD treated with BNZ (formulated in 100 mg tablets or 12.5 mg dispersible tablets, developed by the pharmaceutical company LAFEPE, in a collaboration with DNDi).Methods81 children 0-12 years old were enrolled at 5 pediatric centers in Argentina. Diagnosis of T. cruzi infection was confirmed by direct microscopic examination, or at least two positive conventional serological tests. Subject enrolment was stratified by age: newborns to 2 years (minimum of 10 newborns) and >2-12 years. BNZ 7.5 mg/kg/d was administered in two daily doses for 60 days. Five blood samples per child were obtained at random times within pre-defined time windows at Day 0 at 2-5 h post-dose; during steady state, one sample at Day 7 and at Day 30; and two samples at 12-24 h after final BNZ dose at Day 60. The primary efficacy endpoint was parasitological clearance by qualitative PCR at the end of treatment.ResultsForty-one (51%) patients were under 2 years of age (including 14 newborns ConclusionWe observed lower BNZ plasma concentrations in infants and children than those previously reported in adults treated with comparable mg/kg doses. Despite these lower concentrations, pediatric treatment was well tolerated and universally effective, with a high response rate and infrequent, mild AEs.Trial registrationRegistered in clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01549236

Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo