Welfare Implications of the Allowable Cut Effect in the Context of Sustained Yield and Sustainable Development Forestry

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Towards an Analytical Framework for Assessing Property Rights to Natural Resources: A Case Study in the Communal Areas of Zimbabwe

A taxonomy for describing property rights to natural resources is described and applied in a Zimbabwean case study. The taxonomy allows: tenures to be systematically compared and contrasted; incentives for natural resource management to be identified; and the evolution of tenure to natural resources to be assessed. In the case study, we find: key differences between tenure types, all termed "communal"; a wide range of tenure arrangements that transcend concepts of "tree" and "land tenure"; information suggesting that the promotion of tree planting may work on some tenure types, but is likely to fail on others; and that the evolution of indigenous tenure to natural resources seems to have been somewhat immune from external changes in institutional systems. Prospects for further theoretical and empirical advances are discussed within the context of the property rights framework presented.incentives, natural resources, property rights framework/taxonomy, tenure, Zimbabwe, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Valuing Fuelwood Resources Using a Site Choice Model of Fuelwood Collection

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Rapid thermal processing of CuAISe2

CuAl thin film metallic precursors were selenised using a tube furnace or a rapid thermal processor (RTP). A comparison is made between the two processes for slightly Cu rich films and best crystallographic and elemental properties are obtained for films selenised by RTP: it was found that ternary compound could only be formed using the RTP. In both cases a large amount of CuxSey grains are found to develop at the surface of the films. Only samples processed in the RTP showed cathodoluminscence excitation at 2.68 eV characteristics of the electronic bandgap. Al rich samples were used to study the effect of etching the CuxSey phases from the surface in order to reveal the underlying CuAlSe2 material

Anisotropy of effective masses in CuInSe2

Anisotropy of the valence band is experimentally demonstrated in CuInSe2, a key component of the absorber layer in one of the leading thin-film solar cell technology. By changing the orientation of applied magnetic fields with respect to the crystal lattice, we measure considerable differences in the diamagnetic shifts and effective g-factors for the A and B free excitons. The resulting free exciton reduced masses are combined with a perturbation model for non-degenerate independent excitons and theoretical dielectric constants to provide the anisotropic effective hole masses, revealing anisotropies of 5.5 (4.2) for the A (B) valence bands

Excitation power and temperature dependence of excitons in CuInSe2

Excitonic recombination processes in high quality CuInSe2 single crystals have been studied by photoluminescence (PL) and reflectance spectroscopy as a function of excitation powers and temperature. Excitation power dependent measurements confirm the identification of well-resolved A and B free excitons in the PL spectra and analysis of the temperature quenching of these lines provides values for activation energies. These are found to vary from sample to sample, with values of 12.5 and 18.4meV for the A and B excitons, respectively, in the one showing the highest quality spectra. Analysis of the temperature and power dependent PL spectra from the bound excitonic lines, labelled M1, M2, and M3 appearing in multiplets points to a likely assignment of the hole involved in each case. The M1 excitons appear to involve a conduction band electron and a hole from the B valence band hole. In contrast, an A valence band hole appears to be involved for the M2 and M3 excitons. In addition, the M1 exciton multiplet seems to be due to the radiative recombination of excitons bound to shallow hydrogenic defects, whereas the excitons involved in M2 and M3 are bound to more complex defects. In contrast to the M1 exciton multiplet, the excitonic lines of M2 and M3 saturate at high excitation powers suggesting that the concentration of the defects involved is low. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709448

Waste Management Behaviour of Households: A Case Study of a Strike in Saskatchewan

Environmental Economics and Policy,

Excited states of the free excitons in CuInSe2 single crystals

High-quality CuInSe2 single crystals were studied using polarization resolved photoluminescence (PL) and magnetophotoluminescence (MPL). The emission lines related to the first (n=2) excited states for the A and B free excitons were observed in the PL and MPL spectra at 1.0481 meV and 1.0516 meV, respectively. The spectral positions of these lines were used to estimate accurate values for the A and B exciton binding energies (8.5 meV and 8.4 meV, respectively), Bohr radii (7.5 nm), band gaps (E-g(A)=1.050 eV and E-g(B)=1.054 eV), and the static dielectric constant (11.3) assuming the hydrogenic model

L’application de la méthode des comparables à la forêt publique québécoise

En 1986, le gouvernement du Québec a institué une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation des redevances forestières pour les terres qui relèvent de sa propriété, soit la méthode des comparables. Elle consiste à transposer la valeur des bois extraits des terres privées à celle des tiges croissant sur les terres publiques. Même si des réserves peuvent être exprimées quant au degré de concurrence sur le marché des boisés privés, ce point semble mineur en regard de l’ouverture de ce marché vers l’extérieur de la province. Des difficultés apparaissent cependant dans la transposition des valeurs du bois sur pied de la forêt privée à la forêt publique, à cause de la responsabilité partagée de la gestion de la forêt publique entre le gouvernement et l’entreprise privée qui découle du système de tenure. Cette responsabilité partagée introduit certains biais dans l’évaluation du bois debout sur les terres publiques. Ces biais réduisent les redevances forestières que le gouvernement pourrait percevoir, tout au moins à long terme. Pour résoudre certaines difficultés, le gouvernement pourrait accroître l’information disponible sur les coûts de production pour les terres publiques notamment en privatisant certaines parties du domaine public.In 1986, the government of the province of Québec introduced a new method to evaluate stumpage fees for public forests. It is called the comparable method and it ties the value of timber on public lands to its value on private lots which are mostly located in the southern part of province. Although some concerns may be expressed due to the limited nature of competition for private timber, the point appears to be minor when the open nature of the log market is taken into account. However some problems arise at the application level because of the reponsibility which the government and the private enterprises share in the administration of public forests through the tenure system. The joint responsability introduces biases in stumpages fees which tend to reduce their value, at least in the long run. To circumvent these difficulties, the government could improve the state of knowledge with respect to costs of harvesting timber on public lands by privatizing parts of the public forests