Modeling the flow of Hall Creek, Humboldt County, California using visualizing ecosystem land management assessments (VELMA) and calculating the channel forming flow using the effective discharge calculation

Due to wide spread stream degradation across the globe, there is great potential for restoring stream and riverine habitat. Land managers often lack necessary information about the stream discharges of ungauged watersheds. This lack of data makes designing stream restoration projects in ungauged watersheds more difficult. This is especially true when trying to determine the channel-forming flow, the discharge that will support a stable channel geometry. In this study, the channel-forming flow was approximated using effective flow. Effective flow is the level of flow that transports to the greatest amount of sediments. One method for calculating effective flow is to use stream discharge and sediment transportation data. Modeled annual discharge data was generated for Hall Creek, an ungauged watershed, by running the Environmental Protection Agency’s Visualizing Ecosystem Land Management Assessments (VELMA) ecohydrology model. The modeled VELMA flow data for Hall Creek and bedload sediment data from a similar nearby creek was used as the inputs for the effective discharge calculation. The effective discharge of Hall Creek was found to be 2.52 cubic meters per second

Late Miocene to early Pliocene biofacies of Wanganui and Taranaki Basins, New Zealand: Applications to paleoenvironmental and sequence stratigraphic analysis

The Matemateaonga Formation is late Miocene to early Pliocene (upper Tongaporutuan to lower Opoitian New Zealand Stages) in age. The formation comprises chiefly shellbeds, siliciclastic sandstone, and siltstone units and to a lesser extent non-marine and shallow marine conglomerate and rare paralic facies. The Matemateaonga Formation accumulated chiefly in shelf paleoenvironments during basement onlap and progradation of a late Miocene to early Pliocene continental margin wedge in the Wanganui and Taranaki Basins. The formation is strongly cyclothemic, being characterised by recurrent vertically stacked facies successions, bounded by sequence boundaries. These facies accumulated in a range of shoreface to mid-outer shelf paleoenvironments during conditions of successively oscillating sea level. This sequential repetition of facies and the biofacies they enclose are the result of sixth-order glacio-eustatic cyclicity. Macrofaunal associations have been identified from statistical analysis of macrofossil occurrences collected from multiple sequences. Each association is restricted to particular lithofacies and stratal positions and shows a consistent order and/or position within the sequences. This pattern of temporal paleoecologic change appears to be the result of lateral, facies-related shifting of broad biofacies belts, or habitat-tracking, in response to fluctuations of relative sea level, sediment flux, and other associated paleoenvironmental variables. The associations also show strong similarity in terms of their generic composition to biofacies identified in younger sedimentary strata and the modern marine benthic environment in New Zealand

Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end : women's millennialist prophecy 1630-1670

This study looks at prophecy as a form of human behaviour that is historically and culturally determined. The prophetic texts of Eleanor Davies, Sarah Wight, Anna Trapnel, and early Quaker women are examined within a systematic reworking of issues relating to England's religious and political conflicts of 1640-1660 and rising Protestant millenarian expectations.Published prophecies by women first appeared in quantity in England in the 1640s and 1650s. At this time women were conventionally prohibited from public speaking. Yet for a prophetess claiming to be a conduit of God's word, such a lack of social power could become an asset, entitling her to address wider audiences, including religious and secular leaders, in the shifting political fortunes of the century's middle decades.Part I looks at the role of dissenting congregations, in which equality of membership and promotion of personal and experiential forms of spiritual witness allowed women more active roles in church affairs. Also, with the fall of censorship, the testimonies of ordinary believers could gain new authority as printed texts. A parallel survey of gender constructs of familial and governmental patriarchy, and of the operations of the print industry from the early 1640s, shows that factors relating to the pursuit of power and profit were decisive in the formation and presentation of female prophecy.Part II investigates spoken, written, and non-verbal forms of prophetic discourse. In the century's broader movement for linguistic reform, language's ability to convey religious and secular 'truths' was widely debated.</p

Alpha and omega, the beginning and the end Women's millennialist prophecy 1630-1670

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