Oxyphilic cells in postnatal Dicer cKO thyroid gland do not express thyroid markers.

<p>Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (A, B) and immunohistochemical analysis of Nkx2.1 (C, D), Pax8 (E, F), Calcitonin (Calc) (G, H) in Ctr and cKO thyroid sections at 1 month. Immunohistochemical analysis of Chromogranin A/B expression is shown in thyroid (I) and in chief cells of the parathyroid glands (J, indicated with *) of cKO mice (scale bar: 50 µm). Dashed lines delimit representative oxyphilic cells patches.</p

Late differentiation markers expression in Dicer cKO thyroids at one month after birth.

<p>(A) Western blot analysis of Tg and Nis proteins in Ctr, Het and cKO thyroids. (B) Q-PCR analysis of TSHr and Tpo expression in Ctr, Het and cKO thyroids at 1 month. Each RNA sample is obtained by pooling four thyroids/genotype. Ctr denotes Pax8^Cre/+ mice, used as controls.</p

Immunofluorescence analysis of differentiation in Dicer cKO thyroids at one month after birth.

<p>(A) Immunofluorescence analysis of Pax8 (green signal) in Ctr (A–C), Het (D–F) and cKO (G–I) thyroids at 1 month (scale bar: 20 µm). Nuclei are stained with DRAQ5 (blue signal). (B) Double immunofluorescence analysis of Nis and Nkx2.1 (green and red signal, respectively) in Ctr (A–D), Het (E–H) and cKO (I–L) thyroids at 1 month (scale bar: 20 µm). Nuclei are stained with DRAQ5 (blue signal). Ctr denotes Dcr1^Flox/Flox mice, used as controls.</p

Thyroid morphology and differentiation in Dicer cKO E15.5 embroys and newborn mice.

<p>(A) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry for Pax8, Nkx2.1 and Tg of Ctr, Het and cKO mice embryos at E15.5 (100× magnification). (B) The same analysis as in A was performed on thyroids of newborn mice (200× and 400× magnification for H&E staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively). In both panels Ctr denotes Pax8^Cre/+ mice, used as controls.</p

Dicer inactivation affects expression of thyrocyte cell adhesion proteins.

<p>(A) Immunofluorescence analysis of Cdh16 (red signal) in Ctr (A–C), Het (D–F) and cKO (G–I) thyroids at 1 month (scale bar: 20 µm). Nuclei are stained with DRAQ5 (blue signal). (B) Immunofluoresence analysis of Cdh1 (red signal) in Ctr (A–C), Het (D–F) and cKO (G–I) thyroids at 1 month (scale bar: 20 µm). Nuclei are stained with DRAQ5 (blue signal). (C) Western blot analysis of Cdh16 and Cdh1 proteins from Ctr, Het and cKO thyroids at 1 month. Ctr denotes Dcr1^Flox/Flox or Pax8^Cre/+ mice, used as controls.</p

Hypothyroidism in Dicer cKO mice.

<p>(A) One month old cKO mice are smaller than Ctr littermates. (B) Body weight of male and female mice at one month after birth (n = 12 for each sex and genotype). P-value (***:p<10e-11) was calculated with Student's t-test comparing both Ctr and Het to cKO mice of the same sex. (C) ELISA assay of TSH serum level of Ctr (n = 10), Het (n = 10) and (n = 20) cKO mice at one month after birth (the same number of female and male mice have been analyzed). P-value (***:p<10e-13) was calculated with Student's t-test comparing both Ctr and Het to cKO mice. (D) Survival rates for Ctr, Het and cKO mice (n = 15 for each) during 12 weeks after birth. In all panels Ctr denotes Dcr1^Flox/Flox mice, used as controls.</p

Generation of thyroid conditional Dicer knockout mice.

<p>(A) Gene targeting strategy for Dicer conditional inactivation achieved by Cre mediated removal of RNase III domains. (B) PCR analysis of thyroid genomic DNA extracted from newborn and one month old mice of the indicated genotypes. Pax8 alleles were amplified with a primer set enabling to distinguish the wild-type allele (lower band) from the Cre-encoding one (upper band). For the amplification of Dicer alleles two different primer sets were used, one (F2-R2) amplifying the floxed region (Dcr1^Flox excised, middle panels), and the other (F1-R1), amplifying part of the exon 21, used as a control (bottom panels). Dicer-amplifying primers positions are shown in A. (C) Q-PCR analysis of mature miR-24, miR-23a, miR-29b relative expression in mice thyroids. P-value (*:p<0,05; **:p<0,005) was calculated with Student's t-test comparing Ctr to cKO mice. Ctr denotes Pax8^Cre/+ mice, used as controls.</p

Altered expression of mitochondrial and extracellular matrix genes in the heart of human fetuses with chromosome 21 trisomy-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Altered expression of mitochondrial and extracellular matrix genes in the heart of human fetuses with chromosome 21 trisomy"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/268</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():268-268.</p><p>Published online 7 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1964766.</p><p></p>rom the t-test is represented on the y-axis. Genes upregulated in the trisomic samples are on the right of the horizontal axis 0 value; genes downregulated are on the left. Red dots indicate 473 genes that are significantly up- or down-regulated in the trisomic samples compared to the control samples (p < 0.05). Yellow dots indicate genes with no significant variation

Altered expression of mitochondrial and extracellular matrix genes in the heart of human fetuses with chromosome 21 trisomy-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Altered expression of mitochondrial and extracellular matrix genes in the heart of human fetuses with chromosome 21 trisomy"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/268</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():268-268.</p><p>Published online 7 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1964766.</p><p></p>H4, CDH5, CDH6 and DH1, DH3, DH4, DH5, DH6) and individual normal hearts (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5) show an inverse correlation (r = -066) between the two genes

Altered expression of mitochondrial and extracellular matrix genes in the heart of human fetuses with chromosome 21 trisomy-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Altered expression of mitochondrial and extracellular matrix genes in the heart of human fetuses with chromosome 21 trisomy"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/268</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():268-268.</p><p>Published online 7 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1964766.</p><p></p>ted pathways are: Oxidative Phosphorylation (cluster 1), containing 16 genes downregulated in trisomic samples, and Focal Adhesion (cluster 2), containing at least 7 genes upregulated in trisomic samples. Cluster 3 is a network of Cell Adhesion genes, mostly upregulated in trisomic samples. Downregulated genes in cluster 1 are all mitochondrial genes; upregulated genes in clusters 2 and 3 are mostly ECM genes. Green indicates downregulated genes (darker green = more downregulated); red indicates upregulated genes (darker red = more upregulated)