Performance Analysis of a 5G Transceiver Implementation for Remote Areas Scenarios

The fifth generation of mobile communication networks will support a large set of new services and applications. One important use case is the remote area coverage for broadband Internet access. This use case ha significant social and economic impact, since a considerable percentage of the global population living in low populated area does not have Internet access and the communication infrastructure in rural areas can be used to improve agribusiness productivity. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of a 5G for Remote Areas transceiver, implemented on field programmable gate array based hardware for real-time processing. This transceiver employs the latest digital communication techniques, such as generalized frequency division multiplexing waveform combined with 2 by 2 multiple-input multiple-output diversity scheme and polar channel coding. The performance of the prototype is evaluated regarding its out-of-band emissions and bit error rate under AWGN channel.Comment: Presented in 2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC),18-21 June, 2018, Ljubljana, Sloveni

Clean Technologies and Environmental Management: A Study on a Small Dairy Industry in Brazil

Abstract Environmental management has become a wild card to the companies, especially small and medium enterprises. Pressures from governments, civil society organizations and the market itself, have been pushing companies to adopt an environmentally friendly approach. Such situations of pressure driving companies to invest in technology called "end of pipe" or "turn key" showing that the adoption of the environmental variable is presented largely as business costs. The objective of this paper was to study how the process was the incorporation of environmental variable on a small dairy industry. Because the situation of low capital investment, especially in micro and small enterprises, alternatives to the adoption of the environmental variable has been the search for clean technologies and eco-efficiency. Therefore, in order to be the case study of a small dairy industry, the theoretical discourses on clean technologies and eco-efficiency, in order to present another alternative is that companies seeking to benefit from environmental attitude that are being driven to adopt. The results show that environmental management in the proposed model for clean technologies and eco-efficiency provided by, among several benefits, generating new revenues from the sale of byproducts previously considered waste. It is therefore concluded that the dairy industry gained numerous benefits, especially the way the project was conducted and it was adopted a proactive stance

Beyond Health and Safety at Work: Reflections on Biopolitics in Occupational Health as an Important Component of International Health Security

The general objective in this chapter is to reflect on health and safety at work based on biopolitics and biopower. The intention will be to clarify unequal processes in health and safety at work. In addition to occupational health, occupational health and safety actions aim to increase control over workers’ bodies, as well as reduce costs in the work process. The intention is still to establish a dialogue with the French philosopher Michel Foucault and with the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, both discussing the consequences of biopolitics and biopower in industrial society modern. The proposed reflections go beyond the benefits of occupational health and safety at work, as they aim to understand the centrality of life in industrial organizations. It is important and necessary to minimize the negative effects of inequality in health and safety at work. Only then will there be a reduction or elimination of health and safety risks at work

Ammonia Emissions of Laying Hens as Affected by Stocking Density and Manure Accumulation Time

Different stocking densities (SDs) or space allocations are being practiced in commercial laying-hen operations as an attempt to improve hen welfare. Information concerning the impact of SD on accumulated manure properties (e.g., moisture content) and thus ammonia (NH3) emissions is limited in the literature. Bird SD affects the amount of manure per unit of accumulated manure surface area, which may affect the NH3 emission from the accumulated manure. A lab-scale study was conducted that resembled the conditions of manure-belt laying-hen houses for, with the objectives of (a) determining NH3 emission rate (ER) of W36 laying hens housed under different SDs; (b) measuring the NH3 emissions from laying hen manure during 7-d manure accumulation time (MAT); and (c) delineating the dynamics of feed disappearance, manure production and NH3 ER during dark and light periods. Two different SDs were evaluated, 413 vs. 620 cm2/hen (64 vs. 96 in2/hen), designated as HD and LD, respectively. Ammonia ER was expressed in the units of NH3 emission per bird, per kg of feed nitrogen (N) disappearance, per kg of as-is and dry manure, per kg egg output, per m2 of projected manure surface area (PMA), and per animal unit (AU, 500 kg BW). Results show that SD effect on NH3 ER is more pronounced for MAT = 3d, where led to higher ER. Specifically, NH3 emissions from the 3rd to 7th d MAT ranged from 41 to 307 mg/hen-d for HD and from 29 to 188 mg/hen-d for LD. This outcome supports the current industry practice of removing manure at 1- to 3-d MAT for the manure-belt house systems. Daily NH3 ER increases exponentially with MAT (P\u3c0.0001). The results also showed that hourly NH3 ER during the night or dark period was as high as the hourly emissions during the daytime or light period

Ammonia Emissions of Pullets and Laying Hens as Affected by Stocking Density and Manure Accumulation Time

Data on ammonia (NH3) emissions from pullets (hens \u3c18 weeks of age) are non-existent despite the large differences in nutritional and environmental conditions between raising pullets and laying hens. Different stocking densities (SDs) in housing the birds may be used according to certain industry guidelines on production; however, information concerning the impact of SD on properties of accumulated manure and thus NH3 emissions is limited in the literature. It was hypothesized that bird SD affects the amount of manure per unit of storage or surface area as manure accumulates, and the exposed manure surface area may in turn affect NH3 emission from the accumulated manure. A lab-scale study was conducted that resembled the conditions of manure-belt laying-hen houses with the objectives of (1) determining the magnitude of NH3 emission rate (ER) of pullets (W-36 breed) as a function of age, and (2) assessing the effect of SD on NH3 ER of pullets and laying hens during a 6-day manure accumulation time (MAT). Two SDs at a given bird age (4 to 37 weeks) were evaluated, ranging from 155 and 206 cm2 to 413 and 620 cm2 (24 and 32 in.2 to 64 and 90 in.2) per bird, designated as high density (HD) and low density (LD), respectively. Ammonia ER was expressed on the basis of per bird, per animal unit (AU, 500 kg live body weight), per kg of feed nitrogen (N) use, and per kg of as-is or dry manure. Results showed that daily NH3 ER for pullets and laying hens increased exponentially with bird age and MAT (p \u3c 0.0001). Compared to the HD regimen, the LD regimen had 51% lower NH3 ER (in mg bird-1 d-1) for 4- to 5-week-old pullets and averaged 22% lower for laying hens. Results of this study provide a scientific basis concerning the impact of certain management practices on NH3 emissions and offer insight into reducing NH3 emissions from egg production operations

Evaluation and Calibration of a Soil Moisture Sensor for Measuring Poultry Manure or Litter Moisture Content

Moisture content (MC) of poultry manure or litter affects its ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions. Relating MC to ammonia emission of manure or litter is thus of importance to modeling and/or managing ammonia emissions from the manure sources. Development of such relationships would require the knowledge of ammonia emission and the concomitant MC of the manure or litter. This work was carried out to characterize the operational performance of a commercially available soil MC sensor for measuring MC of meat-bird (broiler and turkey) litters and laying-hen manure. Laboratory and field calibration tests of the sensor output vs. MC of the source were conducted for the meat-bird litters and layer manure, respectively. Moisture content varied from 27.1% to 55.5 % for the broiler litter, 22.8% to 56.1 % for the turkey litter, and 11.0% to 75.0 % for layer manure. Bulk density (BD) varied from 318 to 468 kg · m -3 for the meat-bird litters. Sensitivity of the sensor to source temperature was also evaluated. Multivariate linear regression models were developed to relate the sensor EMF output to the litter or manure MC and BD (R 2=0.95 – 0.98). The impact of litter temperature on MC measurement by the sensor was found to be rather small, 0.31% of the measured mV per o C deviation from the mean operating temperature over the range of 4 o C to 24 o C. Results of the study indicate that when properly calibrated, the soil MC measurement sensor offers a reasonable means to quantify MC of poultry litter or manure on a real-time basis

Digital Fracture: New Approach for 3D Organ Modeling

Biofabrication emerged a few years ago as a new research field with a set of promising technologies that have the potential to impact multiple sectors. In this field, the idea of 3D bioprinting originated from rapid prototyping (additive manufacturing) technology. This technology consists of some steps or stages, the first of which is the development of virtual computer models. However, there are some challenges to be overcome in order to develop reliable models for bioprinting purposes. Here, we present the proposal of a workflow using free and open-source software to produce reliable organ models from computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We also propose the concept of digital fracture as a novel approach applicable to generating computer-aided design (CAD) models, especially for 3D bioprinting processes. This novel strategy can be used as an organic way to create smaller organ models compatible with some limitations of the current bioprinters, including relatively low speed, limited spatial resolution, and low accuracy