Ilex paraguariensis extracts extend the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster fed a high-fat diet

Studies have suggested that total energy intake and diet composition affect lifespan and ageing. A high-fat diet induces oxidative stress and affects the development of diseases. In contrast, antioxidants are capable of reducing its harmful effects. Yerba mate beverages are an important source of antioxidants, but there is scarce knowledge about their effects on suppressing fat accumulation. Here, we investigated the compounds present in yerba mate extracts and assessed their effects on Drosophila melanogaster given a high cholesterol diet. LS-ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of matesaponins, phenolic compounds and methylxanthines in all of the examined extracts. In Drosophila, under extract treatment conditions, the mean lifespan was significantly extended from 38 to 43 days, there was an increase in the ability to support induced stress and decrease in lipid peroxidation products. Moreover, yerba mate extracts recovered the glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity and reduced the cholesterol level. Taken together, our results support that extracts can extend lifespan by reducing the detrimental effect of a high-fat diet in D. melanogaster, and this outcome can be associated with the compound content in the extracts. This study improves the understanding of natural interventions that reduce stress-induced oxidative damage, which is fundamental in promoting healthy ageing

SALA DE RECURSOS MULTIFUNCIONAIS: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE UMA DÉCADA DE PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA / MULTIFUNCTIONAL RESOURCE ROOM: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF A DECADE OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION / SALA DE RECURSOS MULTIFUNIONALES: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE UNA DÉCADA DE PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA

Com o objetivo de compreender como pesquisas brasileiras investigaram as Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais entre os anos de 2007 e 2018, apresentamos revisão sistemática de vinte e cinco artigos disponíveis nas bases científicas CaPes, Scielo e Redalyc, redigidos em português no domínio da Educação. Como resultado mais expressivo constatou-se escassez de estudos, tendo havido aumento de 68% em pesquisas publicadas nos últimos 5 anos, porém, essas desenvolvidas em apenas nove estados brasileiros. Há evidência de lacunas científicas, diferenças de operacionalização e da necessidade de discussão dos conceitos e modelos adotados. A abordagem mais utilizada nas pesquisas é qualitativa com utilização de entrevistas analisadas com base em conteúdo. Não foram localizadas pesquisas sobre deficiência neuromotora. Concluiu-se que apesar da elevada demanda de pessoas deficientes no Brasil e da evasão apontada pelo Ministério da Educação, há pouca compreensão e evolução no modelo adotado.Para comprender cómo la investigación brasileña investigó las salas de recursos multifuncionales entre 2007 y 2018, presentamos una revisión sistemática de veinticinco artículos disponibles en las bases de datos científicas CaPes, Scielo y Redalyc, escritas en portugués en el campo de la educación. Como resultado más significativo, hubo una escasez de estudios, con un aumento del 68% en los estudios publicados en los últimos 5 años, sin embargo, estos se desarrollaron en solo nueve estados brasileños. Hay evidencia de lagunas científicas, diferencias operativas y la necesidad de discutir los conceptos y modelos adoptados. El enfoque más utilizado en la investigación es cualitativo utilizando entrevistas basadas en contenido. No se encontraron investigaciones sobre discapacidad neuromotora. Se concluyó que a pesar de la gran demanda de personas discapacitadas en Brasil y el abandono señalado por el Ministerio de Educación, hay poca comprensión y evolución en el modelo adoptado.The present study focused on investigating the professional quality of life of special education teachers of primary and secondary education in Greece. In particular, the three dimensions of the professional quality of life of special education teachers were investigated, based on participants' responses and some demographic-general characteristics. In addition, the possible relevance of the three dimensions of professional quality of life to each other was investigated. The sample of the study was 106 special education teachers of primary and secondary education. The Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL)-Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue, Version 5 (Stamm, 2009) was used to assess professional quality of life. The statistical package SPSS version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Statistical assumptions were tested for a default level of statistical significance a=.05. The analysis of the data showed that the level of participants' job satisfaction was high, while the level of secondary traumatic stress and burnout was low. A statistically significant relation was found between specialization in special education and job satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burnout of special education teachers, respectively. Age and years of service of special education teachers were found to be statistically significant in relation to their burnout. It also emerged that teachers’ secondary traumatic stress was associated with job satisfaction and burnout. The findings of the present study are expected to contribute to improving the professional quality of life of special education teachers.  Article visualizations

Determinação de agrotóxicos na água e sedimentos por HPLC-HRMS e sua relação com o uso e ocupação do solo

In present times, the Brazil is in the middle of the largest pesticide consumers worldwide, which demands proper control of environmental contamination. This study evaluated herbicides, acaricide, insecticides and fungicides in water and sediment carried-out from Lageado Tacongava hydrographic basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For analysis, a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe), and/or SPE (Solid-Phase Extraction) using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) with MS (Mass Detector) was optimized. As result, the Linearity R2 > 0.99; Recuperation between 78 a 117%; and RSD < 20% for the 70 compounds simultaneously analyzed. The Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin, Bendiocarb, Fenamidone, metribuzin, Pendimethalin, pyridaben, Thiophanate-methyl and Truflumizole found in water, and Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin, Bendiocarb, boscalid and thiophanate-methyl in sediment, at concentrations from 0.1 µg kg-1 to 39.6 µg kg-1. Standard of pesticide residues in water and sediment studies are needed to evaluate such contamination. Regional samplings standard, as was done here, will be useful in a future water resources contamination mapping

Dois planos de amostragem para análise de fumonisinas em milho Two sampling plans for fumonisins analysis in maize

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de dois planos de amostragem para análise de fumonisinas (B1+B2) em 11 lotes de milho. Empregaram-se o plano de amostragem manual em grãos inteiros, através do calador graneleiro e o plano de Amostragem Automático em Fluxo Contínuo em grãos moídos (AAFC). Para a comparação dos dois planos de amostragem, foram utilizadas duas medidas de dispersão: a variância e o coeficiente de variação. Em cada plano de amostragem, foram determinadas as variâncias associadas às três etapas do procedimento de detecção das fumonisinas (amostragem, preparação da amostra e análise) e os coeficientes de variação total. A correlação entre as médias de concentrações de fumonisinas e as variâncias de cada etapa do procedimento de detecção foi avaliada para cada plano amostral através da análise de regressão. Na AAFC de milho moído para análise de fumonisinas, obtiveram-se resultados inferiores (PThe aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of two sampling plans for fumonisins (B1+B2) analysis in 11 lots of maize. For sample collection the two systems used were a manual system in whole grains, using sampling spear, and an automatic system in milled grains, using the continuous flow sampling system (CFSS). For comparison purpose, two dispersion measurements were used: variance and coefficient of variation. For each sampling plan the variance associated to the three steps of fumonisins quantification (sampling, sample preparation, and analysis), and the total coefficient of variation were determined. The correlation between the average fumonisins concentration and the variances for each phase of the detection procedure was evaluated for each sampling plan using analysis of regression. At the automatic sampling plan in milled grains for fumonisins analysis in maize both sampling variance (0.0226mg kg-1)² and total coefficient of variation (6.37%) were lower (P<0.01) than in the manual sampling plan in whole grains whit (0.0685mg kg-1)² of variance and 8.94% of coefficient of variation, showing so better efficiency for fumonisin detection on maize

Rourea cuspidata: Chemical composition and hypoglycemic activity

Objective: To investigate the antidiabetic effect of Rourea cuspidata hydroalcoholic stem extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: In order to evaluate the chemical composition, different extracts from stem in ascending solvent order of polarity were prepared. The extracts were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry and 7 compounds were identified, including hyperin, an important and already reported active compound in the literature. Hyperin was also quantified by HPLC-UV in all the extracts. The hydroalcoholic stem extract (Ss5), which showed the highest concentration of hyperin, was administered to STZ-induced diabetes rats to evaluate the potential hypoglycemic activity. Total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, ALT and AST were also evaluated. In the present study, the effects of oral administration of hydroalcoholic stem extract (200 mg/kg b. wt.) for 28 days on the level of serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Histopathological changes in diabetic rats' pancreas were also studied. Results: The extract exposition demonstrated hypoglycemic effect like the drug control glibenclamide. The extract was able to increase the HDL levels. Histopathological study on diabetic rats' pancreas after extract treatment showed morphological alterations in STZ-induced diabetes rats, which were apparently restored after extract treatment. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the potential use of R. cuspidata as hypoglycemic agent in the treatment of diabetes

Ilex paraguariensis extracts extend the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster fed a high-fat diet

Studies have suggested that total energy intake and diet composition affect lifespan and ageing. A high-fat diet induces oxidative stress and affects the development of diseases. In contrast, antioxidants are capable of reducing its harmful effects. Yerba mate beverages are an important source of antioxidants, but there is scarce knowledge about their effects on suppressing fat accumulation. Here, we investigated the compounds present in yerba mate extracts and assessed their effects on Drosophila melanogaster given a high cholesterol diet. LS-ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of matesaponins, phenolic compounds and methylxanthines in all of the examined extracts. In Drosophila, under extract treatment conditions, the mean lifespan was significantly extended from 38 to 43 days, there was an increase in the ability to support induced stress and decrease in lipid peroxidation products. Moreover, yerba mate extracts recovered the glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity and reduced the cholesterol level. Taken together, our results support that extracts can extend lifespan by reducing the detrimental effect of a high-fat diet in D. melanogaster, and this outcome can be associated with the compound content in the extracts. This study improves the understanding of natural interventions that reduce stress-induced oxidative damage, which is fundamental in promoting healthy ageing

Resumos concluídos - Enfermagem

Resumos concluídos - Enfermage