Prevalence trachoma signs in Northern Bahr-el-Ghazal State.

<p>*TF and/or TI.</p

Results from clinical diagnosis of active trachoma compared to NAAT.

<p>*TF and/or TI.</p

Location of survey area and survey sites.

<p>A) Map of Africa showing location of Southern Sudan (grey shaded); B) Map of Southern Sudan showing location of the two surveyed states, Northern Bahr-el-Ghazal and Unity (grey shaded); C) Detailed map of the surveyed states, including new county boundaries and the proportion of children age 1–9 years with TF in each surveyed village.</p

Prevalence of trachoma signs in Unity State.

<p>*TF and/or TI.</p

Study Population.

a<p>Twenty households sampled per village (except Pariang where 21 households were sampled in two villages).</p>b<p>Proportion of households per village with each attribute calculated and the mean (SD) of village proportions obtained as the county level summary measure.</p>c<p>Protected source: handpump or well; unprotected: river, stream, pond or swamp.</p>d<p>Mean (SD) of village proportions of households observed to have more than five flies in or around living areas or on children's faces, excluding around cattle.</p>e<p>Six missing values for age in males, three missing values for age in females, four missing values for sex; these 13 individuals were excluded from all analyses.</p

Spatially structured residual variation in prevalence of active trachoma in children aged 1–9 years, Southern Sudan, 2001–2009, after accounting for rainfall, land cover and age and sex of survey participants.

<p>Estimates were derived using a geostatistical random effect.</p

Observed prevalence of active trachoma using data from population-based prevalence surveys, in children aged 1–9 years, Southern Sudan, 2001–2009.

<p>Observed prevalence of active trachoma using data from population-based prevalence surveys, in children aged 1–9 years, Southern Sudan, 2001–2009.</p

Prevalence of Trachoma Signs.

<p>Data are presented on percentage scale.</p><p>TF = trachomatous inflammation - follicular, TI = trachomatous inflammation, AT = active trachoma (TF and, or TI), TS = trachomatous scarring, TT = trachomatous trichiasis, CO = corneal opacity.</p>a<p>exact binomial confidence interval.</p>b<p>adjusted for age, sex, county, between-village variation and between-household variation using random effects regression models; adjusted estimates not obtained where prevalence very low (≤4%).</p

Results from sampling simulations in Unity State.

<p>Sampling simulations were repeated 1000 times, assuming 500 children were enrolled in each cluster (village) and 50 children sampled from each cluster.</p

Risk factors for trichiasis (TT) in those aged 15 years and above.

a<p>Univariate effects adjusted for between-household and between-village variation.</p>b<p>p-value from likelihood ratio test comparing random effects logistic regression models adjusting for between-household variation with, and without, characteristic of interest.</p>c<p>Adjusted for variables included in final multivariable regression model as shown and between-household variation.</p>d<p>Variables modelled as continuous measures.</p>e<p>Protected source: handpump or well; unprotected: river, stream, pond or swamp.</p>f<p>Self-reported.</p>g<p>Observed by fieldworker.</p>h<p>Observed as flies in and around the living quarters (excluding areas around cattle) and, or faces of children; no if recorded as none or few (1–5); yes if recorded as 5 or more flies.</p