Preliminary experimental data analysis for Digital Twin development of a large bore Dual-Fuel engine

In recent years, digital models, and in particular Digital Twins (DTs), have seen a growing interest due to their ability to provide support in the development of more efficient systems and processes. This study presents the preliminary steps taken to develop a DT model for a marine Large Bore Dual-Fuel engine manufactured by Wärtsilä. The correlation between dependend and independent data set variables is presented in order to map the engine behaviour and validate the DT model before becoming operational. The analyses are conducted using the engine in gas mode, operating at 85% of Load (at the nominal speed of 600rpm). This operating point represents the typical target design for constant speed applications. The engine efficiency, emissions and combustion chamber parameters are investigated by varying the air-fuel mixture pressure, timing and duration parameters. Sensitivity analysis presents a tight relation between Nitrogen Oxides and Hydrocarbons (HC) emissions by varying the Scavenging Air Pressure. The HC emission function around the nominal value of the Pilot Fuel Injection Duration reverse its trend, while In Cylinder-Pressure and Combustion Duration functions presents opposite gradients. By advancing the Pilot Fuel Injection timing is shown an increase in Engine Efficiency respect to others input parameters

Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of Salmonella bongori, First Isolated in Northwestern Italy

peer-reviewedThis study describes the whole-genome shotgun sequence of Salmonella bongori 48:z35:–, originally isolated from a 1-year-old symptomatic patient in northwest Italy, a typically nonendemic area. The draft genome sequence contained 4.56 Mbp and the G+C content was 51.27%

Draft genome sequences of four Yersinia enterocolitica strains, isolated from wild ungulate carcasses

This study describes the draft genome sequences of four Yersinia enterocolitica strains, originally isolated from ungulate carcasses. These isolates were typed biochemically and two were determined to be highly virulent (biotype 1B). The draft genome sequences had a mean size of 4.77 Mb and a mean G+C content of 47.1%

Aflatoxin M1 in Cow’s Milk: Method Validation for Milk Sampled in Northern Italy

Aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins produced by some species of Aspergillus. In dairy cows, ingested AFB1 is metabolized into carcinogenic AFM1 which is eliminated through milk, thus posing a risk for consumer health. Here we describe the set, validation, and application of screening (ELISA) and confirmatory (HPLC) tests carried out on milk samples collected through official control of mycotoxin levels in northern Italy over a three-year period (2012–2014). The limit of detection (LOD) was set at 5 ppt (ng/kg) and 2 ppt for ELISA and HPLC, respectively, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 10 ppt for confirmatory HPLC. A total of 1668 milk samples were analyzed: ELISA identified 36 (2.2%) positive milk samples that were subsequently confirmed by HPLC. The level of AFM1 in the positive samples ranged between 18 ± 2 and 208 ± 27 ppt. Of the total samples, only eight (0.5%) were found non-compliant with the EU regulatory limit (50 ppt; range 74 ± 10 to 208 ± 27 ppt). Use of ELISA and HPLC tests in series allows for high-volume analysis of samples, thus saving time and money while guaranteeing high analytical precision and accuracy