Figure 2 in Bundoksia gen. nov. (Dictyoptera: Blattodea: Blattidae), a new sexually dimorphic cockroach from the Philippines

Figure 2. Bundoksia rufocercata (Shelford 1911) comb. nov.: (a) Male habitus; (b) Female habitus; (c) Head; (d) Posterior margin of metanotum and 1st abdominal tergite; (e) Prothoracic leg; (f) Mesothoracic leg; (g) Metathoracic leg.; (h) Male supraanal plate; (i) Male genitalia and subgenital plate.Published as part of Lucañas, Cristian C., 2021, Bundoksia gen. nov. (Dictyoptera: Blattodea: Blattidae), a new sexually dimorphic cockroach from the Philippines, pp. 1009-1020 in Journal of Natural History 55 (15-16) on page 1015, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1928317, http://zenodo.org/record/546487

Aposthonia merdelynae Lucañas & Lit 2018, n. sp.

Species <i>Aposthonia merdelynae</i> Lucañas & Lit, n. sp. <p>Fig. 2</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype male, Philippines, Luzon: Los Baños, Laguna, on <i>Canarium ovatum</i> Engl., 22-x- 2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00028 ♂); Paratypes, 2 males, 3 females, same data as holotype (UPLBMNH EMB-00029‒00030 ♂; 00031‒00033 ♀)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is similar to <i>A. borneensis</i> except for its relatively smaller size, subcylindrical LC1 (distally dilated and lobed in <i>A. borneensis</i>), and enlarged membranous area of the 10RP. It is also similar to <i>A. problita</i> Poolprasert, Sitthicharoenchai, Butcher & Lekprayoon 2011 in size and coloration, but differs in the presence of the hook-like LPPT (absent in <i>A.</i> problita) and the shape of the hypandrium. It differs from <i>A. oceania</i> Ross 1951 in terms of the ovate head and submentum with rounded corners, and LC1 cylindrical (head elongate, submentum with acute corners and LC1 distinctly expanding distally in <i>A. oceania</i>).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Size (mm): ♂ BL: 5.4 ± 0.44; HL × HW: 1.0 ± 0.15 × 0.7 ± 0.1; OR: 0.53 ± 0.01; Fw: 4.1 ± 0.1; Hw: 3.1 ± 0.12. ♀ BL: 5.2 ± 0.9; HL × HW 0.8 ± 0.12 × 0.7 ± 0.06.</p> <p>Male alate (Fig. 2A). Small, generally light brown except for dark brown head. Antenna filiform, whitish proximally, brown distally. Submentum reniform, lateral margins entire (Fig. 2C). Pronotum chocolate brown, concolorous with rest of thorax and abdomen. Hind basitarsus with single indistinct papilla (Fig. 2D). Terminalia (Figure E-F): LC1 subcylindrical, not abruptly lobed. 10LP slightly constricted basally and medially, distally rounded (Fig. 2G). 10RP with membranous area enlarged, tip diverging as two similar-sized teeth. LPPT broad, basally ending with left-pointing hook (Figure 2H). HP broad basally leading to blunt HP that points to LC (Fig. 2F).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 2B) slightly larger than male. Chocolate brown throughout except on integumental joints. Sternite 8 with right triangular patterns laterally, central region unpigmented (Fig. 2I). Sternite 9 medially unpigmented (Fig. 2I).</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> <i>Aposthonia merdelynae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> species is named in honor of Dr. Merdelyn Caasi-Lit, in recognition of her contributions to the knowledge of insect-plant interactions and for her support for this study.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> This species is the third known member of <i>Aposthonia</i> sp. native to the Philippines, the others being <i>A. japonica</i> (Okajima 1926) and <i>A. oceania</i> Ross, both reported from Davao (Davis 1940; Ross 1955).</p>Published as part of <i>Lucañas, Cristian C. & Lit, Ireneo L., 2018, Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species, pp. 173-182 in Zootaxa 4415 (1)</i> on pages 177-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1241833">http://zenodo.org/record/1241833</a&gt

Oligotoma Westwood 1837

Genus <i>Oligotoma</i> Westwood 1837 <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Distinguished from other Oligotomidae by the left basipodite (LCB) projecting mesad as a lobe. <b>Distribution.</b> Cosmopolitan (Ross 1955)</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Oligotoma</i>, together with <i>Aposthonia</i>, is one of the largest genera of Embioptera and several of its species are relatively common because of their rapid (anthropogenic) dispersal (Ross 2007).</p>Published as part of <i>Lucañas, Cristian C. & Lit, Ireneo L., 2018, Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species, pp. 173-182 in Zootaxa 4415 (1)</i> on page 178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1241833">http://zenodo.org/record/1241833</a&gt

Oligotoma saundersii

Species <i>Oligotoma saundersii</i> (Westwood 1837) <p>Fig. 4</p> <p> <i>Embia</i> (<i>Oligotoma</i>) <i>saundersii</i> Westwood 1837: 373 (Holotype: East India, Oxford University Museum of Natural University).</p> <p> <i>Embia latreillii</i> Rambur 1842: 312.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma latreillei</i> (Rambur) Enderlein 1910: 56; Mukerji 1935: 8; Menon and George 1936:90; Davis 1939: 183.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma insularis</i> M’Lachlan 1883: 227; Davis 1939: 183.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma cubana</i> Hagen 1885: 141; Davis 1939: 183.</p> <p> <i>Embia hova</i> Saussure 1896: 354.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma hova</i> (Saussure) Krauss 1911: 38.</p> <p> <i>Embia bramina</i> Sassure 1896: 352.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma bramina</i> (Saussure) Krauss 1911: 37; Davis 1939: 184.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma rochai</i> Navas 1917: 28; Krauss 1917: 316.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma inaequalis</i> Banks 1924: 421; Davis 1939: 184.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma saundersi</i> (Westwood): Burmeister 1839: 770; Davis 1939: 181. Davis 1942: 119; Ross 1940: 668; Ross 1944: 495; Bradoo 1971: 264; Ross 1984: 48; Ross 2006: 344; Poolprasert 2012: 411; Chandra and Dawn 2014: 1565.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 3 males, 3 females, Philippines: Luzon, Los Baños, Laguna, on <i>Pterocarpus indicus</i> Willd., 27-vi-2014 (C. C. Lucañas UPLBMNH EMB-00011 ♂); on <i>Cassia fistula</i> L., 25- vi-2014 (C. C. Lucañas UPLBMNH EMB-00012 ♂ - 13♀); on <i>Araucaria heterophylla</i> (Salisb.) Franco, 25-vi-2014 (C. C. Lucañas UPLBMNH EMB-00014 ♀); on <i>Vitex parviflora</i> Juss., 25-vi-2014 (C. C. Lucañas UPLBMNH EMB-00015 ♂ - 16♀)</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Cosmopolitan.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Distinguished from males of other species by the sickle-shaped LPPT.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Size (mm): ♂: BL: 7.7 ± 0.26; HL× HW: 1.2 ± 0.12 × 0.9 ± 0.06; OR: 0.40 ± 0.01; FW: 5.6 ± 0.46; HW: 4.3 ± 0.23. ♀: BL: 8.9 ± 0.5; HL × HW: 1.3 ± 0.06 × 1.1 ± 0.17.</p> <p>Alate male (Fig. 4A) generally dark brown-black. Head dark brown. Eyes medium-sized, slightly protruding beyond head capsule. Antennae filiform, covered with setae. Submentum trapezoidal, anterior margin convex, edges slightly rounded (Fig. 4C). Terminalia (Figure 4 E-F): LCB projecting as a narrow rounded lobe and surrounding base of LC. 10LP tapering, basally constricted, medially broad. 10RP narrow, elongate, distally truncate. H broad basally, narrowing to a slightly recurved HP. LPPT sickle-shaped.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 4B) generally black. Hind basitarsus with single papilla. Sternite 8 with two oblique caudally converging lines (Fig. 4G). Sternite 9 with small unpigmented inverted triangle (Fig. 4G).</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> Like <i>O. humbertiana</i>, <i>O. saundersii</i> has been anthropogenically introduced to numerous countries (Ross 1955). Ross (1984) stated that <i>O. saundersii</i> is the most widespread webspinner and may be found in all warm regions, especially near urban areas.</p>Published as part of <i>Lucañas, Cristian C. & Lit, Ireneo L., 2018, Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species, pp. 173-182 in Zootaxa 4415 (1)</i> on pages 179-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1241833">http://zenodo.org/record/1241833</a&gt

Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species

Lucañas, Cristian C., Lit, Ireneo L. (2018): Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4415 (1): 173-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.

Oligotomidae Enderlein 1909

Family Oligotomidae Enderlein 1909 <p> Oligotomidae is one of the 13 extant families of Embioptera. It is distinguished from the other families by the combination of the following characteristics: male terminalia strongly asymmetrical; left basal cercus (LC1) not fused, elongate and slender; mandibles robust with prominent teeth; 10th tergite (10T) incompletely divided to 10LP and 10RP; MA vein not bifurcated (Ross 2007; Miller <i>et al.</i> 2012). The family is composed of six genera, <i>Aposthonia</i> Krauss 1911, <i>Bulbosembia</i> Ross 2007, <i>Eosembia</i> Ross 2007, <i>Haploembia</i> Verhoeff 1904, <i>Lobosembia</i> Ross 2007, and <i>Oligotoma</i> Westwood 1837.</p> <p> <b>Type genus</b>: <i>Oligotoma</i> Westwood 1837</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Asia, Australasia, Mediterranean but some species have been introduced to other parts of the world (Ross 2007).</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> Oligotomidae is one of the four families of webspinners found in Southeast Asia, the other three being Embonychidae Navas, Ptilocerembiidae Miller and Edgerly, and Teratembiidae Krauss (Ross 2007, Poolprasert 2014). So far, it is the only family recorded in the Philippines.</p>Published as part of <i>Lucañas, Cristian C. & Lit, Ireneo L., 2018, Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species, pp. 173-182 in Zootaxa 4415 (1)</i> on page 175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1241833">http://zenodo.org/record/1241833</a&gt

Oligotoma humbertiana

Species <i>Oligotoma humbertiana</i> (Saussure 1896) <p>Fig. 3</p> <p> <i>Embia humbertiana</i> Saussure 1896: 353 (Holotype: Ceylon (now Sri-Lanka), Museum d"Histoire Naturelle, Geneva). <i>Oligotoma humbertiana</i>: Davis 1939: 186; Ross 1940: 674; Ross 1944: 496; Ross 1955: 6; Ananthasubramanian 1956: 226; Kapur and Kripalani 1957: 120; Bradoo 1971: 264; Ross 1978: 6; Ross 2006: 341; Poolprasert 2012: 410; Chandra and Dawn 2014: 1565.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 3 males, 3 females, Philippines: Luzon: Los Baños, Laguna; on <i>Sweetenia</i> <i>macrophylla</i> King, 15-iii-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00006♂); on <i>Roystonea regia</i> (Kunth) O.F.Cook, 15-i-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00009♂); on <i>Cynometra ramiflora</i> L., 9-viii-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00017♂ - 00018♀); on <i>Cassia fistula</i> L., 25-vi-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00019♀); on <i>Pterocarpus indicus</i> Willd., 27-vi-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00020♀)</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Indian in origin, now widespread.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> <i>Oligotoma humbertiana</i> is distinguished from other <i>Oligotoma</i> species by the small apical process on the narrow, curved 10RP and the bifid 10LP.</p> <p> <b>Description:</b> Size (mm): ♂ BL: 7.9 ± 0.74; HL × HW: 1.2 ± 0.06 x 1.0 ± 0.15; OR: 0.36 ± 0.01 Fw: 4.1 ±0.1; Hw: 4.6 ± 0.36. ♀ BL: 7.9 ± 0.74; HL × HW: 1.2 ± 0.06 x 1.1 ± 0.06.</p> <p>Alate male (Fig. 3A) varying from light to dark brown. Antennae filiform, covered with setae. Mandibles conspicuous. Incisor darkly pigmented, three on left, two on right. Submentum semiquadrate, with anterior side deeply convex (Fig. 3C). Pronotum concolorous with abdomen. Hind basitarsus with single papilla (Fig. 3D). Abdomen black-brown. Terminalia (Figs. 3E, F): LCB laterally elongate, encircling inner sides of LC. 10LP broad basally narrowing and curving leftward, with minute bifurcated teeth. 10RP with distinct subapical process. H broad basally. HP narrowing to blunt edge. LPPT narrow horizontal hook.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 3B) generally dark brown to black. Head sometimes reddish. Hind basitarsus with single papilla. Sternite 8 mostly unpigmented with U–shaped pigment medially and posterolateral markings (Fig. 3G). Sternite 9 unpigmented anteriorly with anteromedial and lateral macula (Fig. 3G).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Oligotoma humbertiana</i> is considered a “weed” species and has been introduced to the Philippines and other countries such as Mexico via the Manila Galleon trade (Ross 1984), China, Indonesia (Ross 2000), Hongkong, Mariana Islands, Taiwan and Thailand (Poolprasert 2012).</p> <p> The observed specimens agree with the previous descriptions of the species except for specimens described by Chandra & Dawn (2014) from India, which greatly differ in the curvature of 10RP; other than that character other structures are similar. It is possible that the Chandra & Dawn specimens represent a different subspecies of <i>O. humbertiana</i> or a completely different species.</p>Published as part of <i>Lucañas, Cristian C. & Lit, Ireneo L., 2018, Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species, pp. 173-182 in Zootaxa 4415 (1)</i> on page 178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1241833">http://zenodo.org/record/1241833</a&gt

Aposthonia borneensis

Species <i>Aposthonia borneensis</i> (Hagen 1885) <p>Fig. 1</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma borneënsis</i> Hagen 1885: 146 (as <i>“</i> <i>O. saundersii</i> Westwood ”) (Lectotype male: Telang Borneo, Museum of Comparative Zoology, designated by Davis 1940: 371); Krauss 1911: 39 (= “ <i>O. saundersii</i> Westwood ”); Davis 1940: 371; Ross 1943: 102; Ross 1948: 100.</p> <p> <i>Aposthonia vosseleri</i> Krauss 1911: 48; Friederichs 1934: 409.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma vosseleri</i> (Krauss): Enderlein 1912: 101; Silvestri 1912: 334.</p> <p> <i>Aposthonia vosseleri vosseleri</i> Friederichs 1934: 410.</p> <p> <i>Aposthonia vosseleri intermedia</i> Friederichs 1934: 410; Davis 1940: 374. <i>Aposthonia vosseleri obscura</i> Friederichs 1934: 412; Davis 1940: 375.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma jacobsoni</i> Silvestri 1912: 334; Davis 1940: 373.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma maerens</i> Roepke 1919: 5; Davis 1940: 374.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma nana</i> Roepke 1919: 5; Davis 1940: 374.</p> <p> <i>Aposthonia vosseleri nana</i> (Roepke): Friederichs 1934: 412.</p> <p> <i>Oligotoma masi</i> Navás 1923: 39 (Type: Vigan, Luzon, Philippines, Paris Museum); Navás 1932: 923; Davis 1940: 374. <i>Aposthonia vosseleri jacobsoni</i> (Silvestri): Friederichs 1934: 411.</p> <p> <i>Aposthonia borneensis</i>: Ross 1978: 5; Yang 1999: 66; Ross 2000: 30; Ross 2007: 592; Poolprasert <i>et al.</i> 2011: 40.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 3 males, 3 females, Philippines: Luzon, Los Baños, Laguna; on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i> L., 10-ii-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00005 ♂); on <i>Mangifera indica</i> L., 18-ii-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00010 ♂); on <i>Sandoricum koetjape</i> (Burm. f.) Merr., 27-ix-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00024 ♂ -00025 ♀); on <i>Cassia fistula</i> L., 20-x-2014 (C.C. Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00026 ♀) on <i>Samanea saman</i> F. Muell., 20-x-2014 (C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00027 ♀).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China, South East Asia and Papua New Guinea (Poolprasert <i>et al.</i> 2011)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Aposthonia borneensis</i> is distinguished from other <i>Aposthonia</i> spp. by the distally rounded 10LP and a narrow LPPT with a small apical hook.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Size (mm): ♂ BL: 8.3 ± 0.79; HL × HW: 1.4 ± 0.15 × 1.2 ±0.06; OR: 0.50 ± 0.01; Fw: 6.3 ± 0.1; Hw: 5.2 ± 0.17. ♀ BL: 9.7 ± 0.84; HL × HW: 1.4 ± 0.1 x 1.2 ± 0.06</p> <p>Male alate (Fig. 1A). Body generally black except for orange pronotum. Head brown anteriorly fading to light brown/orange posteriorly. Antenna filiform. Antennal segments covered with long setae. Submentum retuse, deeply convex antero-medially (Fig. 1C). Pronotum light brown-orange. Hind basitarsomere with conspicuous single papilla (Figure 1D). Abdomen generally dark grey, terminalia darker. Terminalia (Figs. 1E, F): LC1 distally dilated and lobed; LCB encircling LC as narrow sclerotized plate. 10LP elongate, slender, distally rounded (Fig. 1G). 10RP with minute subapical tooth. H proximally broad, narrow distally to rounded simple HP. LPPT deeply sclerotized, ending with inward pointing hook (Fig. 1H).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 1B) similar to nymphs but body distinctly black with red-orange prothorax. Eighth sternite with two oblique, unpigmented lines (Fig. 1I). Ninth sternite unpigmented medially (Fig. 1I).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>A. borneensis</i> is a widely distributed species (primarily due to anthropogenic causes) and was first reported in the country by Navas (1923). He described it as <i>Oligotoma masi</i> which was later synonymized with <i>A. borneensis</i> (Ross 1943). Poolprasert et al. (2011) suggested that it was anthropogenically introduced to the many south and Southeast Asian countries.</p>Published as part of <i>Lucañas, Cristian C. & Lit, Ireneo L., 2018, Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species, pp. 173-182 in Zootaxa 4415 (1)</i> on pages 175-177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1241833">http://zenodo.org/record/1241833</a&gt

New distribution record of Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenb. & Wiberg (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from Palawan, Philippines

We report Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenb. & Wiberg for the first time on Palawan Island, Philippines. This record extends its distribution northward from Borneo to the Philippines. Additional taxonomic information and photographs from field collections are provided

Dietary analysis of eight insectivorous bats (Chiroptera) from Puting Bato Cave Complex, Burdeos, Polillo Island, Philippines

Food habits of eight insectivorous bat species from Puting Bato Cave Complex, Polillo Island, were examined. Fecal samples collected from eight species of cave-dwelling insectivorous bats contained culled fragments from seven prey taxa (six insect orders and one fish prey). Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera were the most consumed group in both percentage volume and percentage frequency. The diet of Hipposideros diadema, H. pygmaeus, Rhinolophus arcuatus, and R. philippinensis mostly concurs with previous studies but with varying proportions. Baseline information on the diets of H. coronatus, M. paululus, R. macrotis, and R. rufus is provided in this study