9,554 research outputs found
Comparison theorems for conjugate points in sub-Riemannian geometry
We prove sectional and Ricci-type comparison theorems for the existence of
conjugate points along sub-Riemannian geodesics. In order to do that, we regard
sub-Riemannian structures as a special kind of variational problems. In this
setting, we identify a class of models, namely linear quadratic optimal control
systems, that play the role of the constant curvature spaces. As an
application, we prove a version of sub-Riemannian Bonnet-Myers theorem and we
obtain some new results on conjugate points for three dimensional
left-invariant sub-Riemannian structures.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures, v2: minor revision, v3: minor revision, v4:
minor revisions after publicatio
On Jacobi fields and canonical connection in sub-Riemannian geometry
In sub-Riemannian geometry the coefficients of the Jacobi equation define
curvature-like invariants. We show that these coefficients can be interpreted
as the curvature of a canonical Ehresmann connection associated to the metric,
first introduced in [Zelenko-Li]. We show why this connection is naturally
nonlinear, and we discuss some of its properties.Comment: 13 pages, (v2) minor corrections. Final version to appear on Archivum
Mathematicu
Sand transverse dune aerodynamics: 3D Coherent Flow Structures from a computational study
The engineering interest about dune fields is dictated by the their
interaction with a number of human infrastructures in arid environments. Sand
dunes dynamics is dictated by wind and its ability to induce sand erosion,
transport and deposition. A deep understanding of dune aerodynamics serves then
to ground effective strategies for the protection of human infrastructures from
sand, the so-called sand mitigation. Because of their simple geometry and their
frequent occurrence in desert area, transverse sand dunes are usually adopted
in literature as a benchmark to investigate dune aerodynamics by means of both
computational or experimental approaches, usually in nominally 2D setups. The
present study aims at evaluating 3D flow features in the wake of a idealised
transverse dune, if any, under different nominally 2D setup conditions by means
of computational simulations and to compare the obtained results with
experimental measurements available in literature
The Non-Linear Cournot Model as a Best-Response Potential Game
potential function, potential game, Cournot oligopoly
Thinness and Obesity: A Model of Food Consumption, Health Concerns, and Social Pressure
The increasing concern of the policy maker about eating behavior has focused on thespread of obesity and on the evidence of a consistent number of individuals dietingdespite being underweight. As the latter behavior is often attributed to the socialpressure to be thin, some governments have already taken actions to ban ultra-thinideals and testimonials. Assuming that people are heterogeneous in their healthyweights, but are exposed to the same ideal body weight, this paper proposes atheoretical framework to assess whether increasing the ideal body weight is sociallydesirable, both from a welfare and from a health point of view. If being overweightis the average condition and the ideal body weight is thin, increasing the ideal bodyweight may increase welfare by reducing social pressure. By contrast, health is onaverage reduced, since people depart even further from their healthy weight. Giventhat in the US and in Europe people are on average overweight, we conclude thatthese policies, even when are welfare improving, may foster the obesity epidemic.Body Weight, Diet, Obesity, Social Pressure, Underweight.
Invariant measures for systems of Kolmogorov equations
In this paper we provide sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence
of a system of invariant measures for semigroups associated to systems of
parabolic differential equations with unbounded coefficients. We prove that
these measures are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure
and study some of their main properties. Finally, we show that they
characterize the asymptotic behaviour of the semigroup at infinity
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