Genomic Exploration of the Hemiascomycetous Yeasts: 1. A set of yeast species for molecular evolution studies11Sequences and annotations are accessible at: Génoscope (http://www.genoscope.cns.fr), FEBS Letters Website (http://www.elsevier.nl/febs/show/), Bordeaux (http://cbi.genopole-bordeaux.fr/Genolevures) and were deposited into the EMBL database (accession number from AL392203 to AL441602).

AbstractThe identification of molecular evolutionary mechanisms in eukaryotes is approached by a comparative genomics study of a homogeneous group of species classified as Hemiascomycetes. This group includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first eukaryotic genome entirely sequenced, back in 1996. A random sequencing analysis has been performed on 13 different species sharing a small genome size and a low frequency of introns. Detailed information is provided in the 20 following papers. Additional tables available on websites describe the ca. 20 000 newly identified genes. This wealth of data, so far unique among eukaryotes, allowed us to examine the conservation of chromosome maps, to identify the ‘yeast-specific’ genes, and to review the distribution of gene families into functional classes. This project conducted by a network of seven French laboratories has been designated ‘Génolevures’

Genomic Exploration of the Hemiascomycetous Yeasts: 19. Ascomycetes-specific genes

AbstractComparisons of the 6213 predicted Saccharomyces cerevisiae open reading frame (ORF) products with sequences from organisms of other biological phyla differentiate genes commonly conserved in evolution from ‘maverick’ genes which have no homologue in phyla other than the Ascomycetes. We show that a majority of the ‘maverick’ genes have homologues among other yeast species and thus define a set of 1892 genes that, from sequence comparisons, appear ‘Ascomycetes-specific’. We estimate, retrospectively, that the S. cerevisiae genome contains 5651 actual protein-coding genes, 50 of which were identified for the first time in this work, and that the present public databases contain 612 predicted ORFs that are not real genes. Interestingly, the sequences of the ‘Ascomycetes-specific’ genes tend to diverge more rapidly in evolution than that of other genes. Half of the ‘Ascomycetes-specific’ genes are functionally characterized in S. cerevisiae, and a few functional categories are over-represented in them

Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking

The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of natural products, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social molecular networking (GNPS, http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of ‘living data’ through continuous reanalysis of deposited data

Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster

A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

Douze ans d'hospitalisation au Centre Médical des Armées de Calvi (étude rétrospective sur 2512 patients)

La Légion étrangère, entité particulière de l'armée française présente des spécificités qui en font un corps d'élite. Ses personnels, légionnaires, étrangers par définition sont soumis à des contraintes physiques, psychiques et opérationnelles importantes. La 2ème REP ajoute la composante aéroportée et l'insularité à cette institution. Tous les patients nécessitant une surveillance, une thérapeutique ou une prise en charge particulière ont été hospitalisés dans le centre médical des armées (CMA). Cette étude rétrospective sur 12 ans propose: d'étudier la variété, la diversité et les spécificités des pathologies des patients hospitalisés pendant ce laps de temps; de souligner la qualité de la prise en charge au cours de ces hospitalisations qui ont permis une diminution du temps de récupération, une reprise rapide de toutes les aptitudes par comparaison à d'autres CMA qui n'ont pas la possibilité d'hospitaliser leurs patients, optimisant ainsi la capacité opérationnelle du 2ème REP [...]AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-Bib. Serv.Santé Armées (751055204) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le Saladin de Farah Antūn du mythe littéraire arabe au mythe politique

Une mutation importante s'est opérée dans le monde arabe entre les deux « Saladin », d'un côté le prince idéal imposant un pouvoir unitaire, l'homme du juste jihäd dont l'image s'est forgée au VII/XIIIe siècle et de l'autre côté le héros des grandes causes arabes contemporaines ; l'évolution remonte aux dernières années du siècle dernier et aux premières décennies du XXe siècle, période qui coïncide avec l'entrée de Saladin dans la littérature arabe moderne par le truchement des genres nouveaux (théâtre et fiction romanesque). C'est cette phase toute particulière de l'histoire du mythe de Saladin qu'éclaire l'article, centré sur une œuvre qui a joué un rôle important dans cette mutation : la pièce de théâtre composée en 1914 par Farah Antūn, al-Sultän Saläh al-din wa-mamlakat Urüshalim [Le Sultan Saladin et le royaume de Jérusalem]. Écriture, création et réception de la pièce sont analysées pour montrer comment naît la figure mythique autour d'un récit fondateur, et comment se construit l'image du chef vertueux, libérateur et unificateur : du prince musulman idéalisé par les sources anciennes, Farah Antūn a fait une figure mythique de type politico-héroïque proposée aux attentes du psychisme collectif du monde arabe

Stress au cours du saut opérationnel à très grande hauteur (apport du holter ECG)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocPARIS-Bib. Serv.Santé Armées (751055204) / SudocSudocFranceF

Complete genome sequence of Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877, the spiramycin producer

Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877 is a soil bacterium industrially exploited for the production of the macrolide spiramycin which is used in human medicine as an antibacterial and anti-toxoplasmosis chemical. Its genome consists of a 8.3Mbp linear chromosome and a 89kb circular plasmid. The complete genome sequence reported here will enable us to investigate Streptomyces genome evolution and to discover new secondary metabolites with potential applications notably in human medicine

Functional Angucycline-Like Antibiotic Gene Cluster in the Terminal Inverted Repeats of the Streptomyces ambofaciens Linear Chromosome

Streptomyces ambofaciens has an 8-Mb linear chromosome ending in 200-kb terminal inverted repeats. Analysis of the F6 cosmid overlapping the terminal inverted repeats revealed a locus similar to type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters. Sequence analysis identified 26 open reading frames, including genes encoding the β-ketoacyl synthase (KS), chain length factor (CLF), and acyl carrier protein (ACP) that make up the minimal PKS. These KS, CLF, and ACP subunits are highly homologous to minimal PKS subunits involved in the biosynthesis of angucycline antibiotics. The genes encoding the KS and ACP subunits are transcribed constitutively but show a remarkable increase in expression after entering transition phase. Five genes, including those encoding the minimal PKS, were replaced by resistance markers to generate single and double mutants (replacement in one and both terminal inverted repeats). Double mutants were unable to produce either diffusible orange pigment or antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Single mutants showed an intermediate phenotype, suggesting that each copy of the cluster was functional. Transformation of double mutants with a conjugative and integrative form of F6 partially restored both phenotypes. The pigmented and antibacterial compounds were shown to be two distinct molecules produced from the same biosynthetic pathway. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of culture extracts from wild-type and double mutants revealed a peak with an associated bioactivity that was absent from the mutants. Two additional genes encoding KS and CLF were present in the cluster. However, disruption of the second KS gene had no effect on either pigment or antibiotic production