EARLY PRECAMBRIAN CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF THE BELOMORIAN AND TRANS-NORTH CHINA OROGENS AND SUPERCONTINENTS RECONSTRUCTION

Comparative analysis of the crustal evolution of the Early Precambrian Belomorian and Trans-North China orogens (Fig. 1) has shown [Slabunov et al., 2015] that: Both belts were formed by the superposition of two Precambrian orogenies. The earth crust of the Belomorian belt was produced during the Mesoarchaean to Neoarchaean Belomorian collisional orogeny [Slabunov, 2008; Slabunov et al., 2006] and then was reworked during the Palaeoproterozoic Lapland-Kola collisional orogeny [Daly at al., 2006; Balagansky et al., 2014]. The earth crust of the Trans-North China orogen was formed during a Neoarchean accretionary orogeny and then was reworked during a Paleoproterozoic collisional orogeny [Zhao et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2012, 2005]. The Lapland granulite belt is the core of the Lapland-Kola Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the Fennoscandian shield and the Khondolite belt occupies the same tectonic position in a Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the North China craton.Comparative analysis of the crustal evolution of the Early Precambrian Belomorian and Trans-North China orogens (Fig. 1) has shown [Slabunov et al., 2015] that: Both belts were formed by the superposition of two Precambrian orogenies. The earth crust of the Belomorian belt was produced during the Mesoarchaean to Neoarchaean Belomorian collisional orogeny [Slabunov, 2008; Slabunov et al., 2006] and then was reworked during the Palaeoproterozoic Lapland-Kola collisional orogeny [Daly at al., 2006; Balagansky et al., 2014]. The earth crust of the Trans-North China orogen was formed during a Neoarchean accretionary orogeny and then was reworked during a Paleoproterozoic collisional orogeny [Zhao et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2012, 2005]. The Lapland granulite belt is the core of the Lapland-Kola Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the Fennoscandian shield and the Khondolite belt occupies the same tectonic position in a Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the North China craton

On modelling of different sectors of economy in terms of sustainable development

© Medwell Journals, 2016.Modern industrial production consumes much energy, capital and labour to maintain adequate competitive position. Such development puts the reliability of industrial production at risk as well as can deprive future generations of the opportunity to meet their own needs. The study is aimed primarily to develop a method of assessing production reliability in various sectors of economy based on a balanced scorecard system in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. The key method of studying this issue is modelling that looks into a matter of this issue as an object-oriented and orchestrated process of improving different sectors of economy

Изменения иммунофенотипического спектра и ферментного профиля лимфоцитов периферической крови у детей раннего возраста с гипертрофией глоточной миндалины

Objective: to study immunophenotype and NAD- and NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase of blood lymphocytes activity indicators in children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils (HPT).Methods: 57 children aged 1–3 years with HPT were examined. The focus group included 35 healthy children of the similar age. The number of СD3+-, СD4+-, СD8+-, СD16+/56+-, СD19+-cells in the blood was determined by flow cytometry. The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase was studied by the method of A. Savchenko and coauth. (1989).Results: The changes of immunophenotypic spectrum of peripheral blood lymphocytes in infants with HPT have been revealed. The increase of ribose-5-phosphate and NADN-dependent reactions of macromolecular synthesis, the reduction of malataspartat shunt role in cell energy, the reduction of anaerobic lactate dehydrogenase reaction, the compensatory increase in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the high substrate flow of the citric acid cycle and the reduced level of glutathione have been fixed. The correlation analysis has showed increase in the number of correlations between indicators of investigated oxidoreductase activity in blood lymphocytes in children with HPT and the high level of correlation between the metabolic reactions of the mitochondrial compartment. Conclusion: the change of immunophenotype, enzymatic activity, correlation pattern of connection between intracellular enzymes of peripheral blood lymphocytes have been revealed in children aged 1–3 years with HPT.Цель исследования: изучение иммунофенотипа и показателей активности НАД- и НАД(Ф)-зависимых дегидрогеназ лимфоцитов крови у детей с гипертрофией глоточной миндалины (ГГМ).Методы. Обследовано 57 детей в возрасте 1 года − 3 лет с ГГМ. Контрольную группу составили 35 здоровых детей аналогичного возраста. Количество СD3+-, СD4+-, СD8+-, СD16+/56+-, СD19+-клеток в крови определяли методом проточной цитофлуориметрии. Активность НАД(Ф)-зависимых дегидрогеназ в лимфоцитах периферической крови изучали по методу А.А. Савченко с соавт. (1989).Результаты: у детей с ГГМ выявлены изменения иммунофенотипического спектра лимфоцитов периферической крови. Установлены повышение рибозо-5-фосфат и НАДН-зависимых реакций макромолекулярного синтеза, снижение роли малат-аспартатного шунта в энергетике клетки, снижение анаэробной реакции лактатдегидрогеназы, компенсаторное увеличение активности глицерол-3-фосфатдегидрогеназы, высокий уровень субстратного потока по циклу трикарбоновых кислот, пониженный уровень глутатионредуктазы. Корреляционный анализ показал увеличение количества взаимосвязей между показателями активности исследуемых оксидоредуктаз в лимфоцитах крови у детей с ГГМ и высокий уровень корреляционной зависимости между метаболическими реакциями митохондриального компартмента.Заключение: у детей раннего возраста с ГГМ отмечаются изменения иммунофенотипа, энзиматической активности и корреляционной картины взаимосвязей между внутриклеточными ферментами лимфоцитов периферической крови.

Сhanges in functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in young children with recurrent respiratory infection

Neutrophils characterized by high mobility and ability for quick and accurate reresponse upon homeostatic changes. These changes primarily occur at the inflammation site. The pathogen elimination depends on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils. The data from past decades have revisited the role of neutrophils and their involvement in changing the human cellular and humoral immunity. Neutrophils are not only effector cells, but also regulatory cells of both innate and adaptive immunity. Our purpose was to study phagocytic activity and parameters of oxygen-dependent metabolism of peripheral blood neutrophils in young children with recurrent respiratory infections. We examined 111 children aged 1-3 years with recurrent respiratory infections over the period of clinical remission. The control group consisted of 24 healthy children aged 1-3 years. Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils was studied by the latex test. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood neutrophils was studied according to de Sole et al. (1983). The study of phagocytic indexes of peripheral blood neutrophils in the children with recurrent respiratory infections has revealed a decrease in the number of actively phagocytizing cells and preservation of their absorptive capacity. Studies of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in peripheral blood neutrophils in children with recurrent respiratory infections revealed changes in oxygen-dependent metabolism depending on the clinical variant of complicated infection. In the group of children with broncho-obstructive syndrome, the background chemiluminescence parameters of peripheral blood neutrophils were characterized by faster time to chemiluminescence curve peak. Chemiluminescence indices induced by opsonized zymosan showed a lower time of reaction to stimuli, decreased intensity of “respiratory burst”-associated luminescence, and decreased trend for activation index of peripheral blood neutrophils. Study of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence peripheral in blood neutrophils in children with hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsils did not reveal changes in the background chemiluminescence levels. Chemiluminescence evaluation upon stimulation of peripheral blood neutrophils by opsonized zymosan caused a decrease in the stimulated response time, lower maximal “respiratory burst”, and decrease in AUC chemiluminescence. Thus, kinetics of spontaneous chemiluminescent response in peripheral blood neutrophils is impaired.in children with broncho-obstructive syndrome. Similarly, the in vitro neutrophil stimulation showed changes in chemiluminescent response kinetics and decreased reserve of oxygen-dependent metabolic capacity. In the children with hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil, we observed changes in chemiluminescent response of peripheral blood neutrophils only after opsonized zymosan induction. Compensatory metabolic capacity of peripheral blood neutrophils was retained in the opsonized zymosan stress tests. The study results showed unidirectional changes in peripheral blood neutrophil phagocytic activity parameters both in children with broncho-obstructive syndrome, and in children with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy and recurrent respiratory infection

Studies on correlations between immunophenotype and the indices of metabolic enzyme activity of blood lymphocytes in children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils

The objective of our study was to evaluate correlation between the immune pheno-type and activity indices of NAD (P)-dependent dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes in young children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil (HPT). We have examined 57 children, 1-3 years of age, with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils (HPT). The control group consisted of 35 healthy children of the same age. The numbers of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD16+/56+ lymphoid cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytofluorimetry technique. Activity of NAD (P)-dependant dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied using bioluminescent method as described elsewhere (А. Savchenko, L. Suntsova, 1989). Correlation analysis has revealed an increase of positive correlations, a decrease of the correlation strength, and emergence of new connections between phenotype and activity indices of NAD (P)-dependent dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsils (HPT). Specific correlation patterns between the phenotype and activity indices of NAD (P)-dependent dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes have been revealed in children with hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsils (HPT)

Paleointensity determination on Neoarchaean dikes within the Vodlozerskii terrane of the Karelian craton

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The results of paleomagnetic studies and paleointensity determinations from two Neoarchaean Shala dikes with an age of ~2504 Ma, located within the Vodlozerskii terrane of the Karelian craton, are presented. The characteristic components of primary magnetization with shallow inclinations I = −5.7 and 1.9 are revealed; the reliability of the determinations is supported by two contact tests. High paleointensity values are obtained by the Thellier–Coe and Wilson techniques. The calculated values of the virtual dipole moment (11.5 and 13.8) × 10 22 A m 2 are noticeably higher than the present value of 7.8 × 10 22 A m 2 . Our results, in combination with the previous data presented in the world database, support the hypothesized existence of a period of high paleointensity in the Late Archaean–Early Proterozoic

Systematization of progressive indicators of industrial enterprises' sustainable development

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the modern trends of economic development which suggest that the sustainability of production is possible to provide, while maintaining and enhancing the natural and ecological environment, by looking qualitatively new, revolutionary opportunities, associated with the use of resource-saving and energy-saving technologies, as well as alternative, reproducible sources of industrial activity, the creation of favorable ecological, economic and social conditions for the accumulation and realization of human capital. The purpose of the paper is to systematize progressive indicators of the sustainability of the development of industrial enterprises aimed at increasing the competitiveness of products, the use of innovative energy and resource-saving technologies, minimizing waste generation. The leading method to the study of this problem is the index method, which allows us to consider this problem as a purposeful and organized process to increase the sustainability of the development of industrial enterprises. The paper gives an assessment of the current state of energy consumption of industrial enterprises; a set of progressive indicators of the sustainability of industrial enterprises is suggested. The practical value is that the results of the research make it possible to regulate the sustainable development of industrial enterprises in a better and more targeted way by applying innovative forms of energy and resource saving and can be used in the framework of sector programs, they are of interest to state statistics bodies, as well as ministries and agencies which are responsible for strategic analysis and planning

Resource Saving Innovative Forms of the Industrial Enterprises

The relevance of the study is reasoned by the current economic trends which suggest that the reliability of production is possible to be provided, while preserving and enhancing of natural ecological environment, by finding of quality new, revolutionary opportunities associated with the use of resource-saving and energy-saving technologies and alternative reproducible sources of production activities, creation of favorable ecological, economic and social conditions for the accumulation and implementation of human capital. The purpose of this paper is to explore innovative forms of resource saving of the industrial enterprises, aimed at improving of the competitiveness of products, using innovative energy and resource saving technologies, minimizing the generation of waste. The leading method to the study of this problem is the modeling method that allows considering of this problem as a purposeful and organized process to improve the management of industrial enterprises. In paper gives the estimation of modern condition of mineral raw material base of hydrocarbons; scientifically substantiates recommendations on the appropriateness of innovative forms' choice of resource-saving at industrial enterprises. The practical value is in the fact that the results of the study allow better and more targeted adjusting of innovative activity of industrial enterprises through the application of innovative forms of resource saving and can be used in the framework of sector programs that are of interest for the state statistics bodies, ministries and agencies who are responsible for strategic analysis and planning. Keywords: Resource Saving, Innovation, Competitiveness, Equity Sharing of Profits. JEL Classifications: O31, P28, Q32

EPR as a complementary tool for the analysis of low-temperature oxidation reactions of crude oils

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Air injection is a promising method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in both conventional and unconventional oil sources. It is widely accepted that oxidation reactions between oil and injected air determine the success of an air injection process. In this study, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was introduced as a new route to investigate the occurrence of low-temperature oxidation (LTO) and its behavior by monitoring the signals of free radicals. The EPR experiments were conducted for the different crude oil samples (light, medium and heavy) heated in both static air and flow air (air-bubbling) conditions under different temperatures from 25 °C to 180 °C. The results showed that the free-radical concentrations exhibited a good correspondence on the heating temperature. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were carried out to help to analyze the oxidation process and verify the EPR results. It turned out that the EPR results can be well supported by NMR, FTIR and DSC data, which indicates that proposed EPR monitoring method can be applied as a fast and low-cost technique to investigate LTO under mild reaction conditions. Simultaneously, the combination of EPR, NMR, FTIR and DSC can help to better understand the LTO mechanism and to monitor the application of in-situ combustion technique in the field

Extreme sensitivity in Snowball Earth formation to mountains on PaleoProterozoic supercontinents

During the PaleoProterozoic 2.45 to 2.2 billion years ago, several glaciations may have produced Snowball Earths. These glacial cycles occurred during large environmental change when atmospheric oxygen was increasing, a supercontinent was assembled from numerous landmasses, and collisions between these landmasses formed mountain ranges. Despite uncertainties in the composition of the atmosphere and reconstruction of the landmasses, paleoclimate model simulations can test the sensitivity of the climate to producing a Snowball Earth. Here we present a series of simulations that vary the atmospheric methane concentration and latitudes of west–east-oriented mountain ranges on an idealised supercontinent. For a given methane concentration, the latitudes of mountains control whether a Snowball Earth forms or not. Significantly, mountains in middle latitudes inhibited Snowball Earth formation, and mountains in low latitudes promoted Snowball Earth formation, with the supercontinent with mountains at ±30° being most conducive to forming a Snowball Earth because of reduced albedo at low latitudes. We propose that the extreme sensitivity of a Snowball Earth to reconstructions of the paleogeography and paleoatmospheric composition may explain the observed glaciations, demonstrating the importance of high-quality reconstructions to improved understanding of this early period in Earth’s history