An integrative literature review on factors affecting breastfeeding in public spaces

Breastfeeding in public spaces remains a challenge for mothers globally. This review aims to synthesise the available published evidence to understand factors that affect breastfeeding in public spaces globally. The current review was conducted using a systematic review methodology guided by Whittemore and Knafl's integrative literature review steps. The relevant studies were digitally searched on EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. The review included literature from 2013 to 2018 to ascertain the factors affecting breastfeeding in public spaces. The screening concerned three rounds, including studying topics, abstract scrutinising, and ultimately checking content. Included studies were critically appraised by two reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme checklist. Data were pooled from included studies using a matrix. Finally, the data were synthesised and analysed to identify new themes relevant to the review topic

Determining postdischarge needs of South African parents with premature infants

This study explored the information and support needs of South African parents with premature infants after the initial discharge home from the hospital setting. Asynchronous online focus groups on the Facebook platform were utilized to identify the caregiving needs expressed by 25 South African parents with premature infants and to inform a parent support program in South Africa. The findings concluded that South African parents have unfulfilled information and support needs regarding their caregiving for their premature infants and their overall well-being.The University of Pretoriahttp://www.iycjournal.com2022-07-01hj2021Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC

Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic - a literature review for clinical practice

Background The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting normal life globally, every area of life is touched. The pandemic demands quick action and as new information emerges, reliable synthesises and guidelines for care are urgently needed. Breastfeeding protects mother and child; its health benefits are undisputed and based on evidence. To plan and support breastfeeding within the current pandemic, two areas need to be understood: 1) the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 as it applies to breastfeeding and 2) the protective properties of breastfeeding, including the practice of skin-to-skin care. This review aims to summarise how to manage breastfeeding during COVID-19. The summary was used to create guidelines for healthcare professionals and mothers. Methods Current publications on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic were reviewed to inform guidelines for clinical practice. Results Current evidence states that the Coronavirus is not transmitted via breastmilk. Breastfeeding benefits outweigh possible risks during the COVID-19 pandemic and may even protect the infant and mother. General infection control measures should be in place and adhered to very strictly. Conclusions Breastfeeding should be encouraged, mothers and infant dyads should be cared for together, and skin-to-skin contact ensured throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. If mothers are too ill to breastfeed, they should still be supported to express their milk, and the infant should be fed by a healthy individual. Guidelines, based on this current evidence, were produced and can be distributed to health care facilities where accessible information is needed.</div

Best practice guidelines for neurodevelopmental supportive care of the preterm infant

Thesis (Ph.D. (Nursing))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.INTRODUCTION: The survival rate of preterm infants increased over the past few decades, posing a variety of challenges to the preterm infant due to the stark mismatch between the intra-uterine and extra-uterine environment they are prematurely exposed to. Neurodevelopmental Supportive Care (NDSC) is suggested to improve short and long term outcomes of the preterm infant. This method will make the biggest difference and prove most successful in severely challenged settings with little resources. PROBLEM STATEMENT: The problem in South Africa is that an average of 14.6% of infants are born of low-birth-weight and are at risk for developmental delays, but no Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) for the NDSC of the preterm infant are available nationally or internationally, and therefore the aim of this study was to develop such BPGs. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES: This aim was achieved through four objectives: (1) To describe the components of NDSC by means of an Integrative Literature Review, (2) To develop a checklist (based on the description of the components) to assess the operationalisation of NDSC, (3) To conduct a situational analysis of the operationalisation of NDCS in public sector hospitals in South Africa (using the checklist, structured observation, key-informant interviews as part of the observation and field notes), and (4) To formulate BPGs for NDSC in the public sector hospitals in South Africa. METHOD: The research was performed in 3 stages, here discussed in 7 chapters. Stage one aimed to describe the components of NDSC by means of an ILR and stage two comprised a situational analysis of the operationalisation of NDSC in public sector hospitals in South Africa. RESULTS: The results from stage one and conclusion statements from stage two were synthesised to formulate BPGs in stage three. These BPGs were graded and recommendations for implementation were formulated. The final chapter of the research discusses the evaluation of the study, identifies limitations and suggests recommendations for nursing practice, education and research.Doctora

When is the use of pacifiers justifiable in the baby-friendly hospital initiative context? A clinician’s guide

Abstract Background The use of pacifiers is an ancient practice, but often becomes a point of debate when parents and professionals aim to protect and promote breastfeeding as most appropriately for nurturing infants. We discuss the current literature available on pacifier use to enable critical decision-making regarding justifiable use of pacifiers, especially in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative context, and we provide practical guidelines for clinicians. Discussion Suck-swallow-breathe coordination is an important skill that every newborn must acquire for feeding success. In most cases the development and maintenance of the sucking reflex is not a problem, but sometimes the skill may be compromised due to factors such as mother–infant separation or medical conditions. In such situations the use of pacifiers can be considered therapeutic and even provide medical benefits to infants, including reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The argument opposing pacifier use, however, is based on potential risks such as nipple confusion and early cessation of breastfeeding. The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding as embedded in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative initially prohibited the use of pacifiers in a breastfeeding friendly environment to prevent potential associated risks. This article provides a summary of the evidence on the benefits of non-nutritive sucking, risks associated with pacifier use, an identification of the implications regarded as ‘justifiable’ in the clinical use of pacifiers and a comprehensive discussion to support the recommendations for safe pacifier use in healthy, full-term, and ill and preterm infants. Summary The use of pacifiers is justifiable in certain situations and will support breastfeeding rather than interfere with it. Justifiable conditions have been identified as: low-birth weight and premature infants; infants at risk for hypoglyceamia; infants in need of oral stimulation to develop, maintain and mature the sucking reflex in preterm infants; and the achievement of neurobehavioural organisation. Medical benefits associated with the use of pacifiers include providing comfort, contributing towards neurobehavioural organisation, and reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Guidelines are presented for assessing and guiding safe pacifier use, for specific design to ensure safety, and for cessation of use to ensure normal childhood development

Information and review support needs of parents with premature infants: an integrative

nternational research, while mostly conducted in high-income countries, repeatedly states that parents of premature infants have increased needs and require additional information and varied support channels after the infant’s initial discharge from hospital. However, the perceived self-reported needs of parents concerned with the caregiving of premature infants during the initial time period at home after discharge are not well known. This integrative review explores all extant literature that embodies self-reported or parent-quoted perceptions, experiences, and parent testimonials related to post-discharge infant caregiving information and support needs published from January 1990 to April 2019. Generated findings from the review that reveal parents, regardless of country, consistently reported unmet information and support needs, coupled with a lack of adequate community-based and health care professional support. Current gaps in literature are identified and recommendations for future research are also addresse

Stakeholder attitudes towards donating and utilizing donated human breastmilk

The promotion and support of human milk banks (HMBs) can enhance exclusive breastfeeding rates. The success and sustainability of HMBs depend on the support from relevant healthcare workers and related communities. This study aimed to determine attitudes of key stakeholders, including mothers, healthcare workers and grandmothers, regarding the donation and receipt of human breastmilk. This study was conducted at a public hospital and clinics in the North West Province, South Africa. Eight focus group discussions explored the attitudes regarding donating and receiving human breastmilk: three groups with mothers of infants (n = 13), three with grandmothers (>60 years old) (n = 17) and two with healthcare professionals working with infants (n = 11). Four main themes emerged: perception regarding breast and formula feeding; exposure to the concept of “wet nursing”; breastmilk donation; and utilization and opinions of community members and traditional healers. Specific barriers identified included the processes for donating and receiving milk, safety, human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) screening and cultural beliefs. Mothers’ fears included having insufficient milk for their own infants, changes in the quality of donated milk during pasteurization and transportation and HIV transmission. Despite barriers towards donations to and the use of HMBs, sufficient information could enhance donations by mothers and breastmilk utilization.PRIFPRI3; DCA; CRP4; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for allA4NHCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH