The Effects of the bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields on ATP and health

All cells in the body need Calcium, Oxygen, Glucose, Potassium and Magnesium etc., to correctly function. Calcium, Oxygen and Glucose are essential for the production of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). ATP is the basic ‘fuel’ needed to drive the mitochondria that are the cells’ main energy producers. So it is very important that cells are able to produce enough ATP. The more ATP that is produced, the healthier cells are and the healthier we are. It is also known that electromagnetic signals have considerable effects on ATP levels. If ATP can be measured, then the cells’ healthiness can be defined and evaluated. So it is necessary to investigate how to measure ATP, the effects of bio-inspired electro-magnetic signals on ATP levels and the relationships between ATP and cells’ health (human health). There has been a lot of research on ATP, however, as far as the authors are aware, there has been limited research on how to measure ATP and the effects of electromagnetic fields on ATP, especially, the effects of bio-inspired electromagnetic fields. In this paper, certain equipment for measuring ATP for hygiene monitoring is employed to measure the ATP levels of a number of people with and without bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields (BIPEF) to investigate how BIPEF influence the ATP levels of people and by directly connecting their health. The test results show that most people's ATP levels are significantly increased (up to 600% increase) after they stayed in the BIPEF for a period of about 20 minutes. The averages of ATP% increase are 241% for British group and 111% for Chinese group. The findings confirm that the BIPEF does have significant effects on people's ATP levels. This means that the cellular biosynthesis processes of those people in the bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields have been enhanced. So their energy and health are positively affected

Torque Curve Optimization of Ankle Push-Off in Walking Bipedal Robots Using Genetic Algorithm

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-05-11, pub-electronic 2021-05-14Publication status: PublishedFunder: the project of National Key R&D Program of China; Grant(s): 2018YFC2001300, 51675222Funder: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant(s): 91848204, 91948302Ankle push-off occurs when muscle–tendon units about the ankle joint generate a burst of positive power at the end of stance phase in human walking. Ankle push-off mainly contributes to both leg swing and center of mass (CoM) acceleration. Humans use the amount of ankle push-off to induce speed changes. Thus, this study focuses on determining the faster walking speed and the lowest energy efficiency of biped robots by using ankle push-off. The real-time-space trajectory method is used to provide reference positions for the hip and knee joints. The torque curve during ankle push-off, composed of three quintic polynomial curves, is applied to the ankle joint. With the walking distance and the mechanical cost of transport (MCOT) as the optimization goals, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to obtain the optimal torque curve during ankle push-off. The results show that the biped robot achieved a maximum speed of 1.3 m/s, and the ankle push-off occurs at 41.27−48.34% of the gait cycle. The MCOT of the bipedal robot corresponding to the high economy gait is 0.70, and the walking speed is 0.54 m/s. This study may further prompt the design of the ankle joint and identify the important implications of ankle push-off for biped robots

Energy‐Efficient Oil–Water Separation of Biomimetic Copper Membrane with Multiscale Hierarchical Dendritic Structures

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138424/1/smll201701121-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138424/2/smll201701121_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138424/3/smll201701121.pd

The Effects of the bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields on ATP and health

All cells in the body need Calcium, Oxygen, Glucose, Potassium and Magnesium etc., to correctly function. Calcium, Oxygen and Glucose are essential for the production of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). ATP is the basic ‘fuel’ needed to drive the mitochondria that are the cells’ main energy producers. So it is very important that cells are able to produce enough ATP. The more ATP that is produced, the healthier cells are and the healthier we are. It is also known that electromagnetic signals have considerable effects on ATP levels. If ATP can be measured, then the cells’ healthiness can be defined and evaluated. So it is necessary to investigate how to measure ATP, the effects of bio-inspired electro-magnetic signals on ATP levels and the relationships between ATP and cells’ health (human health). There has been a lot of research on ATP, however, as far as the authors are aware, there has been limited research on how to measure ATP and the effects of electromagnetic fields on ATP, especially, the effects of bio-inspired electromagnetic fields. In this paper, certain equipment for measuring ATP for hygiene monitoring is employed to measure the ATP levels of a number of people with and without bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields (BIPEF) to investigate how BIPEF influence the ATP levels of people and by directly connecting their health. The test results show that most people's ATP levels are significantly increased (up to 600% increase) after they stayed in the BIPEF for a period of about 20 minutes. The averages of ATP% increase are 241% for British group and 111% for Chinese group. The findings confirm that the BIPEF does have significant effects on people's ATP levels. This means that the cellular biosynthesis processes of those people in the bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields have been enhanced. So their energy and health are positively affected

Design, Modeling, and Optimization of Hydraulically Powered Double-Joint Soft Robotic Fish

This article explores a hydraulically powered double-joint soft robotic fish called HyperTuna and a set of locomotion optimization methods. HyperTuna has an innovative, highly efficient actuation structure that includes a four-cylinder piston pump and a double-joint soft actuator with self-sensing. We conducted deformation analysis on the actuator and established a finite element model to predict its performance. A closed-loop strategy combining a central pattern generator controller and a proportional–integral–derivative controller was developed to control the swimming posture accurately. Next, a dynamic model for the robotic fish was established considering the soft actuator, and the model parameters were identified via data-driven methods. Then, a particle swarm optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize the control parameters and improve the locomotion performance. Experimental results showed that the maximum speed increased by 3.6% and the cost of transport (COT) decreased by up to 13.9% at 0.4 m/s after optimization. The proposed robotic fish achieved a maximum speed of 1.12 BL/s and a minimum COT of 12.1 J/(kg·m), which are outstanding relative to those of similar soft robotic fish. Finally, HyperTuna completed turning and diving–floating movements and long-distance continuous swimming in open water, which confirmed its potential for practical application

Study of a bionic system for health enhancements

It is believed that the health of our body is totally dependent on the health of our cells. The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane. The membrane pulses at a certain frequency with certain magnitudes. More cell pulse activity there is, the more active, energetic and healthier cells are. Human and other animals live in an earth environment of extremely low natural frequencies (ELF).The earth produces these both high in the atmosphere (Schumann (7.83Hz)) as well as on and below the planet's surface (Geomagnetic (10 Hz)). Schumann and Geomagnetic frequencies are vital to the wellbeing of all living things. It is believed that if we are in an environment with bioinspired electromagnetic signals generated by mimicking natural earth and body cells frequencies (ELF's), then our cells will be more energetic and active, providing greater health. In this paper, an innovative bionic system will be presented. This system can be used to generate bioinspired electromagnetic fields (BPEF) by mimicking natural Earth, body frequencies and strengths. This innovative bioinspired system has been applied for the health enhancement of humans, equines and pets etc. A number of case studies will be present to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. Various experiments have been carried out. The experimental results have shown that this innovative bioinspired system works efficiently and effectively in enhancing human and animal health. It has been proven that this bioinspired system can be effectively applied to many areas such as (1) human health enhancement and illness treatment, (2) pet health enhancement, (3) equine health treatment and (4) reduction or elimination of 'jet lag'

Superfast Liquid Transfer Strategy Through Sliding on a Liquid Membrane Inspired from Scorpion Setae

Although diversified biological structures have evolved fog collection abilities, the typical speeds of the condensed water droplets on these surfaces are too slow to have practical utility. The main challenge focuses on the elimination of the interfacial hydrodynamic resistance without external energy support. Here, an unusual strategy for superfast self‐support transfer condensed droplets is supported by sliding on seta of desert scorpion. It can be rapidly wetted by the fog droplets owing to its conical shape with linear gradient channels. A loss of interfacial resistance by this hydrodynamically lubricating water membrane could significantly accelerate the movement of the droplets, thus making its velocity increasing by one order of magnitude, or even more. Inspired by this novel strategy, the novel bioinspired materials are fabricated with the similar gradient channel structures and droplet transportation mode, which can make the condensed droplets spontaneously slide on the low‐friction liquid membrane. The fundamental understanding of superfast fog capture and the sliding dynamics of condensed droplets in this system could inspire to develop novel materials or various systems to transfer liquid fast and efficiently without external energy support.An unusual strategy for superfast transferring condensed droplets by sliding on liquid membrane of desert scorpion seta is reported. A loss of interfacial resistance could significantly accelerate the droplets by this hydrodynamically lubricating liquid membrane. Then, the bioinspired materials with similar droplet transportation mode are fabricated, which will inspire to develop novel materials to transport liquid without external energy.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146306/1/admi201800802-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146306/2/admi201800802.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146306/3/admi201800802_am.pd

Effects and Mechanisms of Surface Topography on the Antiwear Properties of Molluscan Shells ( Scapharca subcrenata

The surface topography (surface morphology and structure) of the left Scapharca subcrenata shell differs from that of its right shell. This phenomenon is closely related to antiwear capabilities. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of surface topography on the antiwear properties of Scapharca subcrenata shells. Two models are constructed—a rib morphology model (RMM) and a coupled structure model (CSM)—to mimic the topographies of the right and left shells. The antiwear performance and mechanisms of the two models are studied using the fluid-solid interaction (FSI) method. The simulation results show that the antiwear capabilities of the CSM are superior to those of the RMM. The CSM is also more conducive to decreasing the impact velocity and energy of abrasive particles, reducing the probability of microcrack generation, extension, and desquamation. It can be deduced that in the real-world environment, Scapharca subcrenata’s left shell sustains more friction than its right shell. Thus, the coupled structure of the left shell is the result of extensive evolution