Tracking ocean heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus.

Ocean heat uptake is observed to penetrate deep into the Atlantic and Southern Oceans during the recent hiatus of global warming. Here we show that the deep heat penetration in these two basins is not unique to the hiatus but is characteristic of anthropogenic warming and merely reflects the depth of the mean meridional overturning circulation in the basin. We find, however, that heat redistribution in the upper 350 m between the Pacific and Indian Oceans is closely tied to the surface warming hiatus. The Indian Ocean shows an anomalous warming below 50 m during hiatus events due to an enhanced heat transport by the Indonesian throughflow in response to the intensified trade winds in the equatorial Pacific. Thus, the Pacific and Indian Oceans are the key regions to track ocean heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus

Synthesis of ultrathin platinum nanoplates for enhanced oxygen reduction activity.

Ultrathin Pt nanostructures exposing controlled crystal facets are highly desirable for their superior activity and cost-effectiveness in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and they are conventionally synthesized by epitaxial growth of Pt on a limited range of templates, such as Pd nanocrystals, resulting in a high cost and less structural diversity of the ultrathin Pt nanostructures. To solve this problem, we demonstrate that ultrathin Pt nanostructures can be synthesized by templating conveniently available Ag nanocrystals without involving galvanic replacement, which enables a much-reduced cost and controllable new morphologies, such as ultrathin Pt nanoplates that expose the {111} facets. The resulting ultrathin Pt nanoplates are ∼1-2 nm in thickness, which show an ∼22-fold increase in specific activity (5.3 mA cm-2), an ∼9.5-fold increase in mass activity (1.62 A mg-1) and significantly enhanced catalytic stability in the ORR, compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. We believe this strategy opens a door to a highly extendable family of ultrathin noble metal nanostructures, thus promising excellent activity and stability in a broad range of catalytic applications

Research of the Impact of Firm’s Network on the Growth of B2B2C E-commerce Firm

This paper does a brief introduction on B2B2C e-commerce, network structure, network relationship and the growth of e-commerce firm. Then it sets a theoretical framework and uses case study to explore the impact of firm’s network on the growth of B2B2C e-commerce firms involving retail, travel and shoes industries. The result of case studies indicates that firm’s network structure and firm’s growth, firm’s network relationship and firm’s growth, firm’s network capabilities and firm’s growth all have clear positive correlations. Then this paper puts forward relevant hypotheses and does pretest to ensure the effectiveness of questionnaire. Finally, it discusses the limitations and points out future research direction