Immunofluorescence localization of pectin components in late embryos of banana (<i>Musa</i> spp. AAA, cultivar ‘Yueyoukang 1’) and the effect of NaOH de-esterification on the immunofluorescence labeling of these epitopes.

<p>A and I. The 2F4 epitope was immunolocalized in the ECM covering epidermal cells (arrow in A) but also in the cells in the middle parts of the embryos (A) with very slight increase of the immunolabeling after base treatment (I); B and J. The LM18 epitope was immunolocalized in epidermal (arrow in B) and cortical cells (B) with slight increase of the immunolabeling after base treatment (arrow in J); C and K. The CCRC-M38 epitope was immunolocalized to outer cell layers as well as to the cells in the middle part of embryos (C) with no changes after base treatment (K); D and L. The JIM5 epitope showing weak immunolocalization in epidermal and cortical cells but stronger one in parenchyma cells surrounding vascular tissue (arrow in D), and depletion of these immunolabelings after base treatment (L); E and M. The CCRC-M34 epitope showing weak immunolocalization in epidermal and cortical cells of late embryos (arrow in E) which disappeared after base treatment (M); F and N. The JIM7 epitope was immunolocalized to the cells of the middle part of late embryos (arrow in F), and this immuolabeling decreased after base treatment (N); G and O. The LM20 epitope showing relatively strong immunolocalization to the cells of the middle part of late embryos (G) with decrease of this immunolabeling after base treatment (O); H and P. The LM5 epitope was immunolocalized to cell-cell junctions (arrow) of cortical parenchyma cells (H), and this immunolabeling decreased after base treatment (P). Bars represent 50 µm in B, E, F and J; and 100 µm in other images.</p

Immunofluorescence localization of pectin epitopes in non-embryogenic cells (NECs) of banana (<i>Musa</i> spp. AAA, cultivar ‘Baxijiao’) and the effect of NaOH de-esterification on the immunofluorescence labeling of these epitopes.

<p>A and I. The 2F4 epitope was immunolocalized only in few cell walls (A), while base treatment increased this immunolocalization (I); B and J. The LM18 epitope was immunolocalized to the surface of some small cell groups (B) and this immunolabeling slightly increased after base treatment (J); C and K. The CCRC-M38 epitope was immunolocalized all over the section through NECs (C) with no obvious changes after base treatment (K); D and L. The JIM5 epitope was mainly immunolocalized to the surface of some small cell groups (D) but this JIM5 immunolabeling disappeared after base treatment (L); E and M. The CCRC-M34 epitope was weakly immunolocalized in NECs (E) but immunolabeling disappeared after base treatment (M); F and N. The JIM7 epitope showing a very weak immunolocalization in NECs (F) and no visible immunolabeling after base treatment (N); G and O. The LM20 epitope showing a very weak immunolocalization in NECs (G) but no visible immunolabeling after base treatment (O); H and P. The LM5 epitope showing immunolocalization in NECs (H) and slight decrease of immunolabeling after base treatment (P). Bars represent 50 µm.</p

The degree of pectin methyl-esterification (DM) during somatic embryogenesis of banana.

<p>The data in the table represent an average of three biological replicates ± standard deviation (SD). Values marked by different letters (a, b) are significantly different by using Duncan's multiple range test at p<0.05.</p><p>AIR: alcohol insoluble residue; DM: degree of pectin methyl-esterification.</p

Whole-mount histochemical staining of surface-localized pectins in banana NECs of cultivar ‘Baxijiao’ (A, B) as well as in ECs and somatic embryos of cultivar ‘Yueyoukang 1’ (C–F) with ruthenium red.

<p>A. and B. Histochemical staining of clumps composed of NECs. Please, note very weak pink labeling only in few peripherally localized cells and small cell groups; C. and D. Histochemical staining of clumps composed of ECs. Please, note stronger pink/red staining of EC clusters; E. Cluster of embryos at different embryogenic stages from pre-globular to globular and pear-shaped. Please, note an intense pink/red staining at the surface of these somatic embryos. F. Cluster of late-stage cotyledonary embryos. Please, note weaker staining of these embryos and a net-like structure at their outer surface; Bars represent 1 mm in A–D, and 500 µm in E and F.</p

Table1_Screening of anti-heart failure active compounds from fangjihuangqi decoction in verapamil-induced zebrafish model by anti-heart failure index approach.DOCX

Heart failure is the end stage of various cardiovascular diseases. Fangjihuangqi Decoction (FJHQD) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, which is clinically effective in the treatment of chronic heart failure. However, the anti-heart failure ingredients of FJHQD have not been clarified, and the related mechanisms of action are rarely studied. In the present study, through quantification analysis of heart rate and ventricular area changes, a heart failure model and cardiac function evaluation system in cardiomyocytes-labelled Tg (cmlc2: eGFP) transgenic zebrafish larvae were constructed, and the anti-heart failure index (AHFI) that can comprehensively evaluate the cardiac function of zebrafish was proposed. Based on this model, FJHQD, its mainly botanical drugs, components and ingredients were evaluated for the anti-heart failure effects. The results showed that FJHQD and its botanical drugs exhibited potent anti-heart failure activity. Furthermore, total alkaloids from Stephania tetrandra S. Moore, total flavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and total flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. were identified to be the main components exerting the anti-heart failure activity of FJHQD. Then, we screened the main ingredients of these components, and glycyrrhizic acid, licochalcone A and calycosin were found to exhibit excellent cardioprotective effects. Finally, we found that FJHQD, glycyrrhizic acid, licochalcone A and calycosin may improve cardiac function in zebrafish by regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis-related pathways. Taken together, our findings offer biological evidences toward the anti-heart failure effect of FJHQD, and provide guidance for the clinical application of FJHQD.</p

Immunofluorescence localization of pectin components in proembryos to early globular embryos of banana (<i>Musa</i> spp. AAA, cultivar ‘Yueyoukang 1’) and the effect of NaOH de-esterification on the immunofluorescence labeling of these epitopes.

<p>A and I. The 2F4 epitope was immunolocalized to the ECM at the surface of epidermal cells (arrow in A) while slight increase of immunolabeling was detected after base treatment (arrow in I); B and J. The LM18 epitope showing strong immunolocalization in epidermis and weaker in cortical cells (B) with increased immunolabeling after base treatment (arrow in J); C and K. The CCRC-M38 epitope showing strong and evenly distributed immunolocalization in the proembryo (C) with no visible changes after base treatment (K); D and L. The JIM5 epitope was immunolocalized in the ECM of epidermal cells (arrow in D) and this immunolabeling disappeared after base treatment (L); E and M. The CCRC-M34 epitope was weakly immunolocalized in the proembryo (E) and immunolabeling disappeared after base treatment (M); F and N. The JIM7 epitope was immunolocalized in the epidermis (arrow in F) and in the cortical cells (F), and these imunolabelings decreased after base treatment (N); G and O. The LM20 epitope showing moderate immunolabeling in the proembryo (G) but no visible immunolabeling after base treatment (O); H and P. The LM5 epitope showing evenly distributed immunolocalization in the proembryo (H) with immunolabeling decrease after base treatment (P). Bars represent 50 µm, except A and I where they represent 100 µm.</p

The intensity of immunolabeling with different pectin antibodies in diverse cell types during somatic embryogenesis of banana.

<p>Increasing intensity evaluated as - (no labeling);</p><p>± (very weak);</p><p>+(weak);</p><p>++ (middle);</p><p>+++ (strong).</p><p>NECs: non-embryogenic cells; ECs: embryogenic cells.</p

Additional file 5: of A pooled analysis of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for liver disease

Results of symmetrical contour-enhanced funnel plots combined with trim and fill analysis of ALB. (PDF 165 kb

Additional file 1: of Up-regulation of ceRNA TINCR by SP1 contributes to tumorigenesis in breast cancer

Figure S1 TINCR predominantly located in cytoplasm. Subcellular localization of TINCR was analyzed RNA hybridization with the specific Stellaris RNA FISH probes followed by confocal microscope imaging. TINCR was detected in red channel, while cytoplasmic GAPDH transcript was detected in green channel. The nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI. (JPEG 29 kb

Additional file 10: of A pooled analysis of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for liver disease

Results of symmetrical contour-enhanced funnel plots combined with trim and fill analysis of TBiL. (PDF 167 kb