360 research outputs found
Electric Vehicle Routing Problem in Urban Logistics
Due to the impact of global warming, diesel locomotives that use fossil energy as fuel are gradually being replaced by electric vehicles. At present, many countries at home and abroad are actively promoting the development of the electric vehicle industry in response to the call of the Paris Agreement. However, electric vehicles have a maximum mileage limit, so the reasonable layout of electric vehicle charging stations is also a problem to be solved today. In this article, the author analyzes the research background of the electric vehicle routing problem. After introducing several new research directions in the current electric vehicle routing problem, we propose an optimization algorithm for solving those types of problem. It brings certain theoretical significance for future generations to solve the problem of electric vehicle routing in real life
How Design Influences Older Adultsā Outdoor Space Usage and Satisfaction: A Case Study of Outdoor Environments in Chinese Facilities for the Elderly
Along with the rapidly increasing Chinese elderly population, the demand for sound practices that improve elderly peopleās health and well-being in Chinese long-term care facilities grows synchronously. Spending time in outdoor spaces positively influences senior adultsā physical and psychological health. The design of outdoor spaces in senior living facilities has an important impact on elderly peopleās use of outdoor spaces and their satisfaction. It is suggested that physical environment should support usersā needs from five domains, including accessing to nature, outdoor comfort and safety, walking and outdoor activities, indoor-outdoor connection, and connection to the world. Although many published research supported this theory, most of these studies were conducted in long-term care facilities in western countries. More specifically, there is limited research written in English that examines whether this theory is applicable in a different cultural context, such as China.
This study examined whether environmental features in these five domains influence senior adultsā outdoor space usage and their satisfaction in a Chinese context. An exploratory case study was conducted in two Chinese long-term care facilities, Huishan Elderly Home (HEH), and Nanshan Charity Home (NCH). Both facilities located in Wuxi, China, and have more than 300 residents. Three outdoor spaces in each facility were studied. A triangulation approach was applied to collect data, which is composed of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection methods included environmental audit, behavior mapping, focus group, and survey.
The research findings contributed in three aspects. First, it uses qualitative methods (focused group and open-ended questions in the questionnaire) to show Chinese cultural preferences for outdoor features in Chinese long-term care facilities. Second, it uses qualitative methods (focus groups and open-ended questions in the questionnaire) to modify the Seniorsā Outdoor Survey (SOS tool) for Chinese long-term care facilities. Third, it finds a descriptive correlation between SOS findings and resident satisfaction
t-Deletion-s-Insertion-Burst Correcting Codes
Motivated by applications in DNA-based storage and communication systems, we
study deletion and insertion errors simultaneously in a burst. In particular,
we study a type of error named -deletion--insertion-burst (-burst
for short) which is a generalization of the -burst error proposed by
Schoeny {\it et. al}. Such an error deletes consecutive symbols and inserts
an arbitrary sequence of length at the same coordinate. We provide a
sphere-packing upper bound on the size of binary codes that can correct a
-burst error, showing that the redundancy of such codes is at least
. For , an explicit construction of binary -burst
correcting codes with redundancy is given. In
particular, we construct a binary -burst correcting code with redundancy
at most , which is optimal up to a constant.Comment: Part of this work (the (t,1)-burst model) was presented at ISIT2022.
This full version has been submitted to IEEE-IT in August 202
An Argumentation-Based Legal Reasoning Approach for DL-Ontology
Ontology is a popular method for knowledge representation in different
domains, including the legal domain, and description logics (DL) is commonly
used as its description language. To handle reasoning based on inconsistent
DL-based legal ontologies, the current paper presents a structured
argumentation framework particularly for reasoning in legal contexts on the
basis of ASPIC+, and translates the legal ontology into formulas and rules of
an argumentation theory. With a particular focus on the design of autonomous
vehicles from the perspective of legal AI, we show that using this combined
theory of formal argumentation and DL-based legal ontology, acceptable
assertions can be obtained based on inconsistent ontologies, and the
traditional reasoning tasks of DL ontologies can also be accomplished. In
addition, a formal definition of explanations for the result of reasoning is
presented.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur
PCFGaze: Physics-Consistent Feature for Appearance-based Gaze Estimation
Although recent deep learning based gaze estimation approaches have achieved
much improvement, we still know little about how gaze features are connected to
the physics of gaze. In this paper, we try to answer this question by analyzing
the gaze feature manifold. Our analysis revealed the insight that the geodesic
distance between gaze features is consistent with the gaze differences between
samples. According to this finding, we construct the Physics- Consistent
Feature (PCF) in an analytical way, which connects gaze feature to the physical
definition of gaze. We further propose the PCFGaze framework that directly
optimizes gaze feature space by the guidance of PCF. Experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed framework alleviates the overfitting problem and
significantly improves cross-domain gaze estimation accuracy without extra
training data. The insight of gaze feature has the potential to benefit other
regression tasks with physical meanings
Similarity Learning via Kernel Preserving Embedding
Data similarity is a key concept in many data-driven applications. Many
algorithms are sensitive to similarity measures. To tackle this fundamental
problem, automatically learning of similarity information from data via
self-expression has been developed and successfully applied in various models,
such as low-rank representation, sparse subspace learning, semi-supervised
learning. However, it just tries to reconstruct the original data and some
valuable information, e.g., the manifold structure, is largely ignored. In this
paper, we argue that it is beneficial to preserve the overall relations when we
extract similarity information. Specifically, we propose a novel similarity
learning framework by minimizing the reconstruction error of kernel matrices,
rather than the reconstruction error of original data adopted by existing work.
Taking the clustering task as an example to evaluate our method, we observe
considerable improvements compared to other state-of-the-art methods. More
importantly, our proposed framework is very general and provides a novel and
fundamental building block for many other similarity-based tasks. Besides, our
proposed kernel preserving opens up a large number of possibilities to embed
high-dimensional data into low-dimensional space.Comment: Published in AAAI 201
Indiscriminate Data Poisoning Attacks on Neural Networks
Data poisoning attacks, in which a malicious adversary aims to influence a
model by injecting "poisoned" data into the training process, have attracted
significant recent attention. In this work, we take a closer look at existing
poisoning attacks and connect them with old and new algorithms for solving
sequential Stackelberg games. By choosing an appropriate loss function for the
attacker and optimizing with algorithms that exploit second-order information,
we design poisoning attacks that are effective on neural networks. We present
efficient implementations that exploit modern auto-differentiation packages and
allow simultaneous and coordinated generation of tens of thousands of poisoned
points, in contrast to existing methods that generate poisoned points one by
one. We further perform extensive experiments that empirically explore the
effect of data poisoning attacks on deep neural networks
Impact of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Hindering Antimicrobial Resistance in China
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global public health. Yet vaccinations have been largely undervalued as a method to hinder AMR progression. This study examined the AMR impact of increasing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) coverage in China. China has one of the worldās highest rates of antibiotic use and low PCV coverage. We developed an agent-based DREAMR (Dynamic Representation of the Economics of AMR) model to examine the health and economic benefits of slowing AMR against commonly used antibiotics. We simulated PCV coverage, pneumococcal infections, antibiotic use, and AMR accumulation. Four antibiotics to treat pneumococcal diseases (penicillin, amoxicillin, 3rd generation cephalosporins, and meropenem) were modeled with antibiotic utilization, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics factored into predicting AMR accumulation. Three PCV coverage scenarios were simulated over five years: (1) status quo with no change in coverage, (2) scaled coverage increase to 99% in 5 years, and (3) accelerated coverage increase to 85% over 2 years followed by 3 years to reach 99% coverage. Compared to the status quo, we found that AMR against penicillin, amoxicillin, and 3rd generation cephalosporins was significantly reduced by 1.74%, 19.19%, and 14.87% in the scaled scenario and by 2.87%, 29.97%, and 23.35% in the accelerated scenario. Cumulative costs due to AMR, including direct and indirect costs to patients and caretakers, were reduced by 4.46 billion in the accelerated scenarios compared to the status quo. AMR benefits of vaccines are essential to quantify in order to drive appropriate investment.Doctor of Pharmac
How Design Influences Older Adultsā Outdoor Space Usage and Satisfaction: A Case Study of Outdoor Environments in Chinese Facilities for the Elderly
Along with the rapidly increasing Chinese elderly population, the demand for sound practices that improve elderly peopleās health and well-being in Chinese long-term care facilities grows synchronously. Spending time in outdoor spaces positively influences senior adultsā physical and psychological health. The design of outdoor spaces in senior living facilities has an important impact on elderly peopleās use of outdoor spaces and their satisfaction. It is suggested that physical environment should support usersā needs from five domains, including accessing to nature, outdoor comfort and safety, walking and outdoor activities, indoor-outdoor connection, and connection to the world. Although many published research supported this theory, most of these studies were conducted in long-term care facilities in western countries. More specifically, there is limited research written in English that examines whether this theory is applicable in a different cultural context, such as China.
This study examined whether environmental features in these five domains influence senior adultsā outdoor space usage and their satisfaction in a Chinese context. An exploratory case study was conducted in two Chinese long-term care facilities, Huishan Elderly Home (HEH), and Nanshan Charity Home (NCH). Both facilities located in Wuxi, China, and have more than 300 residents. Three outdoor spaces in each facility were studied. A triangulation approach was applied to collect data, which is composed of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection methods included environmental audit, behavior mapping, focus group, and survey.
The research findings contributed in three aspects. First, it uses qualitative methods (focused group and open-ended questions in the questionnaire) to show Chinese cultural preferences for outdoor features in Chinese long-term care facilities. Second, it uses qualitative methods (focus groups and open-ended questions in the questionnaire) to modify the Seniorsā Outdoor Survey (SOS tool) for Chinese long-term care facilities. Third, it finds a descriptive correlation between SOS findings and resident satisfaction
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