54,158 research outputs found
Cosmology with a Nonlinear Born-Infeld type Scalar Field
Recent many physicists suggest that the dark energy in the universe might
result from the Born-Infeld(B-I) type scalar field of string theory. The
universe of B-I type scalar field with potential can undergo a phase of
accelerating expansion. The corresponding equation of state parameter lies in
the range of . The equation of state parameter
of B-I type scalar field without potential lies in the range of
. We find that weak energy condition and strong energy
condition are violated for phantom B-I type scalar field. The equation of state
parameter lies in the range of .Comment: 10 pages without figure
Mixed language high-performance computing for plasma simulations
Java is receiving increasing attention as the most popular platform for distributed computing. However, programmers
are still reluctant to embrace Java as a tool for writing scientific and engineering applications due to its still noticeable performance drawbacks compared with other programming languages such as Fortran or C. In this paper, we present a hybrid Java/Fortran implementation of a parallel particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm for plasma simulations. In our approach, the time-consuming components of this application are designed and implemented as Fortran subroutines, while less calculation-intensive components usually involved in building the user interface are written in Java. The two types of software modules have been glued together using the Java native interface (JNI). Our mixed-language PIC code was tested and its performance compared with pure Java and Fortran versions of the same algorithm on a Sun E6500 SMP system and a Linux cluster of Pentium III machines
cDNA cloning and expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in wild potato (Solanum pinnatisectum)
The purple anthocyanins in potato tuber skin and flesh are primarily derived from petunidin. cDNA clones encoding the enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, chalcone synthase (CHS),flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DRF), and UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-0-glucosyltransferase (3GT), were isolated from Solanum pinnatisectum by RT-PCR with degenerated primers. Sequence comparison showed that they share 76-96% identities with each corresponding solanaceous gene reported previously. Each gene is a member of a multigene family. The spatial expression analysis indicated that these genes were preferentially expressed in flowers, stolons and terminal buds, and their transcripts could not detected in roots except 3GT. All the genes were inducedexpression in tuber skins by white light, and followed by anthocyanin accumulation. This is the first report cloning and expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in wild potato (Solanum pinnatisectum)
Scalable Text and Link Analysis with Mixed-Topic Link Models
Many data sets contain rich information about objects, as well as pairwise
relations between them. For instance, in networks of websites, scientific
papers, and other documents, each node has content consisting of a collection
of words, as well as hyperlinks or citations to other nodes. In order to
perform inference on such data sets, and make predictions and recommendations,
it is useful to have models that are able to capture the processes which
generate the text at each node and the links between them. In this paper, we
combine classic ideas in topic modeling with a variant of the mixed-membership
block model recently developed in the statistical physics community. The
resulting model has the advantage that its parameters, including the mixture of
topics of each document and the resulting overlapping communities, can be
inferred with a simple and scalable expectation-maximization algorithm. We test
our model on three data sets, performing unsupervised topic classification and
link prediction. For both tasks, our model outperforms several existing
state-of-the-art methods, achieving higher accuracy with significantly less
computation, analyzing a data set with 1.3 million words and 44 thousand links
in a few minutes.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Quantum degenerate dipolar Fermi gas
The interplay between crystallinity and superfluidity is of great fundamental
and technological interest in condensed matter settings. In particular,
electronic quantum liquid crystallinity arises in the non-Fermi liquid,
pseudogap regime neighboring a cuprate's unconventional superconducting phase.
While the techniques of ultracold atomic physics and quantum optics have
enabled explorations of the strongly correlated, many-body physics inherent in,
e.g., the Hubbard model, lacking has been the ability to create a quantum
degenerate Fermi gas with interparticle interactions---such as the strong
dipole-dipole interaction---capable of inducing analogs to electronic quantum
liquid crystals. We report the first quantum degenerate dipolar Fermi gas, the
realization of which opens a new frontier for exploring strongly correlated
physics and, in particular, the quantum melting of smectics in the pristine
environment provided by the ultracold atomic physics setting. A quantum
degenerate Fermi gas of the most magnetic atom 161Dy is produced by laser
cooling to 10 uK before sympathetically cooling with ultracold, bosonic 162Dy.
The temperature of the spin-polarized 161Dy is a factor T/TF=0.2 below the
Fermi temperature TF=300 nK. The co-trapped 162Dy concomitantly cools to
approximately Tc for Bose-Einstein condensation, thus realizing a novel, nearly
quantum degenerate dipolar Bose-Fermi gas mixture.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
An Imaging and Spectral Study of Ten X-Ray Filaments around the Galactic Center
We report the detection of 10 new X-ray filaments using the data from the
{\sl Chandra} X-ray satellite for the inner ( parsec)
around the Galactic center (GC). All these X-ray filaments are characterized by
non-thermal energy spectra, and most of them have point-like features at their
heads that point inward. Fitted with the simple absorbed power-law model, the
measured X-ray flux from an individual filament in the 2-10 keV band is to ergs cm s and the
absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity is ergs s
at a presumed distance of 8 kpc to the GC. We speculate the origin(s) of these
filaments by morphologies and by comparing their X-ray images with the
corresponding radio and infrared images. On the basis of combined information
available, we suspect that these X-ray filaments might be pulsar wind nebulae
(PWNe) associated with pulsars of age yr. The fact
that most of the filament tails point outward may further suggest a high
velocity wind blowing away form the GC.Comment: 29 pages with 7 figures and 3 pages included. Accepted to Ap
Using Java for plasma PIC simulations
Plasma particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations model the interactions of charged particles with the surrounding fields. This application has been recognized as one of the grand challenge problems facing the high-performance computing community due to its huge computational requirements. Recently, with the explosive development of Internet, Java is receiving increasing attention and is thought as a potential candidate for high-performance computing. In this paper, we present our approach to developing 2- and 3-dimensional parallel PIC simulations in Java. We also report the execution times for both versions from performance experiments on a symmetric multi-processor (Sun E6500) and a Linux cluster of Pentium III machines. Those results are also compared with benchmark measurements of the corresponding Fortran version of the same algorithm
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