Supplementary Material for: Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Meta Analysis and Systematic Review

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune skin disease that affects 2%–3% of the world’s population. Lesions are mainly found on the limbs, trunk, and scalp, but may also affect other parts of the body, and the cause is not yet known. The chronic and relapsing nature of psoriasis makes it one of the most complex and important diseases in current dermatology research. Methods: The search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Data, VIP journals database, and Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM). The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to January 2021. The quality of the selected literature were evaluated, and ReView Manager 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis after randomized controlled trials were filtered. Results: Finally, 16 randomized controlled trials involving 1967 patients were included. The total effective rate (OR =3.68,95% CI[2.73,4.95], P<0.00001), cure rate (OR =2.01, 95% CI[1.62,2.49]c, P <0.00001), and PASI score (OR =-1.83, 95% CI[-2.39, -1.26], P <0.00001) of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were superior than the Diyin tablet.. Conclusion: In the treatment of psoriasis, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) shows higher efficacy than the Diyin tablet. However, due to the limitations of the included literature, we still need more double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with large samples and multiple centers to provide high-quality clinical evidence

Supplementary Material for: Efficiency of Attentional Components in Elderly with Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Shown by the Attention Network Test

<b><i>Aims:</i></b> Complex attention, serving as a main diagnostic item of mild neurocognitive disorders (NCD), has been reported to be susceptible to pathological ageing. This study aimed to evaluate the attention network functions in older adults with subtypes of NCD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 36 adults with NCD due to Alzheimer's disease (NCD-AD), 31 adults with NCD due to vascular disease (NCD-vascular) and 137 healthy controls were recruited. Attention Network Test (ANT) was conducted to assess the efficiency of alerting, orienting and executive control. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Significant between-group differences were found in executive control (conventional score: F = 11.472, p < 0.001; ratio score: F = 8.430, p < 0.001) and processing speed (F = 4.958, p = 0.008). NCD subgroups demonstrated poorer performance on the ANT, particularly on executive control (healthy 59.9 ± 45.9, NCD-vascular 88.9 ± 44.8, NCD-AD 97.0 ± 53.9). Moreover, the NCD-AD group showed both less efficient executive control and prominent slowing processing speed (reaction time: healthy 687.5 ± 106.0 ms, NCD-vascular 685.3 ± 97.1 ms, NCD-AD 750.6 ± 132.6 ms). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The NCD-vascular group appeared to be less efficient in executive control, while the NCD-AD group demonstrated less effective executive control and also slower processing speed. These results suggest that the characterized performance of ANT, processing speed and executive control in particular, might help differentiate adults at risk of different forms of cognitive impairment

Supplementary Material for: Clinical and Genomic Analysis of Patients With Short Survival After Surgery for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the prognosis of Chinese patients with ESCC after surgery and its correlation with genomic alterations (GAs) to identify potential prognostic markers. Methods: The clinical information, pathological specimens of 50 patients with stage II and III primary ESCC who were surgically resected. Based on overall survival, these patients were divided into the short OS group and the long OS group. Genomic alteration detection in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using next-generation sequencing. Results: There was no skew in the distribution of gender, smoking, and adjuvant therapy between the long OS group and the short OS group. A total of 372 GAs were detected in the 50 patients with ESCC, with 7 types of GAs, including insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs), and missense mutations occurred most frequently, with a frequency of >50.0%. Tumor protein 53 was the most commonly mutated gene in the entire cohort followed by cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), and fibroblast growth factor 19. More CDKN2A loss were detected in the short OS group than in the long OS group. The results of the multivariate analysis after adjustment for clinical factors showed a statistically significant difference in the CDKN2A loss between the two groups. Data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas for surgical ESCC for surgical ESCC revealed that the CDKN2A loss may be responsible for the poorer prognosis in postoperative patients with ESCC. Conclusion: In patients with progressive primary ESCC, the poor postoperative prognosis may be epiphenomenally associated with the CDKN2A loss

Supplementary Material for: Selective Biological Responses of Phagocytes and Lungs to Purified Histones

<p>Histones invoke strong proinflammatory responses in many different organs and cells. We assessed biological responses to purified or recombinant histones, using human and murine phagocytes and mouse lungs. H1 had the strongest ability in vitro to induce cell swelling independent of requirements for toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 or 4. These responses were also associated with lactate dehydrogenase release. H3 and H2B were the strongest inducers of [Ca²⁺]i elevations in phagocytes. Cytokine and chemokine release from mouse and human phagocytes was predominately a function of H2A and H2B. Double TLR2 and TLR4 knockout (KO) mice had dramatically reduced cytokine release induced in macrophages exposed to individual histones. In contrast, macrophages from single TLR-KO mice showed few inhibitory effects on cytokine production. Using the NLRP3 inflammasome protocol, release of mature IL-1β was predominantly a feature of H1. Acute lung injury following the airway delivery of histones suggested that H1, H2A, and H2B were linked to alveolar leak of albumin and the buildup of polymorphonuclear neutrophils as well as the release of chemokines and cytokines into bronchoalveolar fluids. These results demonstrate distinct biological roles for individual histones in the context of inflammation biology and the requirement of both TLR2 and TLR4.</p