Efficiency detection of adiponectin expression in chicken preadipocytes.

<p>(A) GFP observed by fluorescence microscopy 24 h after transfection with pGPU6 recombinant vectors. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) The expression of <i>adiponectin</i> gene 24 h after transfection with pcDNA3.1-ADPN and pGPU6 recombinant vectors (n = 3). (C) The expression of adiponectin protein at day 2, 3 and 9 after transfection with pcDNA3.1-ADPN and siRNA-3 (n = 3). CK: Control group, pC: pcDNA3.1, pA: pcDNA3.1-ADPN, pG: pGPU6/GFP/Neo, siRNA-1: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-676, siRNA-2: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-751, siRNA-3: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-952, siGH: pGPU6/GFP/Neo- siGAPDH. Values are means ± SEM. vs. control group, * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01.</p

Adiponectin activates the p38 MAPK/ATF-2 pathway in cultured chicken preadipocytes.

<p>(A) Cells were treated either with recombination vectors alone or with 10 µM SB253580(SB), total proteins were extracted at 30 min after administration of SB253580 and then immunoblotted for total p38MAPK, phospho-p38MAPK (pT180/pY182), total ATF-2 and phospho-ATF-2 (pT71) (n = 3). (B) Representative images of Oil Red O-stained sections of cells at d 9 after treated either with recombination vectors alone or with 10 µM SB253580. (C) Lipid accumulation was assessed by the quantification of A₅₁₀ in destained Oil Red O with isopropyl alcohol (n = 3). Scale bar, 100 µm. CK: Control group, pC: pcDNA3.1, pA: pcDNA3.1-ADPN, pG: pGPU6/GFP/Neo, siRNA-3: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-952, siGH: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-GAPDH. Values are means ± SEM. vs. control group, * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01. vs. SB253580 treatment group, # <i>P</i><0.05, ## <i>P</i><0.01.</p

Effects of adiponectin on sequential expression of lipogenesis genes and proteins.

<p>(A) Expression levels of adipogenesis genes at day 1, 3 and 9 after transfection with pcDNA3.1-ADPN and siRNA-3 (n = 3). (B) Expression levels of adipogenesis proteins at day 1, 3 and 9 after transfection with pcDNA3.1-ADPN and siRNA-3 (n = 3). CK: Control group, pA: pcDNA3.1-ADPN, siRNA-3: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-952. Values are means ± SEM. vs. control group, * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01.</p

List of genes examined and their corresponding accession numbers.

<p>Footnote: F and R indicate forward and reverse primers respectively. <i>GAPDH  =  Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate de-hydrogenase</i>, <i>C/EBPα  =  CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha</i>, <i>PPARγ  =  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma</i>, <i>FAS  =  fatty acid synthase, ATGL  =  adipose triglyceride lipase</i>.</p

Effects of adiponectin on morphology changes and lipid metabolism of cultured chicken preadipocytes.

<p>(A) Representative images of Oil Red O-stained sections of three groups at day 1, 3 and 9. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Lipid accumulation was assessed by the quantification of A₅₁₀ in destained Oil Red O with isopropyl alcohol (n = 3). (C) The areas stained with Oil Red O assessed (n = 3). (D) Lipid droplet diameter frequency distributions for the three groups. Numbers on the x-axis represent the bins for droplets of specific sizes. (E) Glycerol content in the medium (n = 3). (F) FFA content in the cell culture medium (n = 3). FFA: free fatty acid, CK: Control group, pA: pcDNA3.1-ADPN, siRNA-3: pGPU6/GFP/Neo-ADPN-952. Values are means ± SEM. vs. control group, * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01.</p

Free-Standing Atomically Thin ZnO Layers via Oxidation of Zinc Chalcogenide Nanosheets

Monolayer ZnO represents a class of new two-dimensional (2D) materials that are expected to exhibit unique optoelectronic properties and applications. Here we report a novel strategy to synthesize free-standing atomically thin ZnO layers via the oxidation of hydrothermally grown ultrathin zinc chalcogenide nanosheets. With micrometer-scaled lateral size, the obtained ultrathin ZnO layer has a thickness of ∼2 nm, and the layered structure still maintained well after high temperature oxidation. The thermal treatment strongly improves the crystal quality as well without inducing cracks or pinholes in the ultrathin layers. The atomically thin ZnO layers are highly luminescent with dominant green emission. High quality white light is obtained from the mixed phosphors containing the ZnO layers, exhibiting their potential as compelling ultraviolet-excited phosphors

Phosphine-Catalyzed Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition–Semipinacol-Type-Rearrangement Reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates

The chiral phosphine-triggered electrophilic ylide intermediate for a Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates activation strategy provides a promising method for the design of organocatalytic intermolecular higher-order annulation processes

Effects of Organic Cation Length on Exciton Recombination in Two-Dimensional Layered Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskite Crystals

In recent years, 2D layered organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to the distinctive quantum confinement effects as well as prominent excitonic luminescence. Herein, we show that the recombination dynamics and photoluminescence (PL) of the 2D layered perovskites can be tuned by the organic cation length. 2D lead iodide perovskite crystals with increased length of the organic chains reveal blue-shifted PL as well as enhanced relative internal quantum efficiency. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidence that the formation of face-sharing [PbI₆]^4– octahedron in perovskites with long alkyls induces additional confinement for the excitons, leading to 1D-like recombination. As a result, the PL spectra show enhanced inhomogeneous broadening at low temperature. Our work provides physical understanding of the role of organic cation in the optical properties of 2D layered perovskites, and would benefit the improvement of luminescence efficiency of such materials

Discovery of <i>N</i>‑(Naphthalen-1-yl)‑<i>N</i>′‑alkyl Oxalamide Ligands Enables Cu-Catalyzed Aryl Amination with High Turnovers

A class of <i>N</i>-(naphthalen-1-yl)-<i>N</i>′-alkyl oxalamides have been proven to be powerful ligands, making a coupling reaction of (hetero)­aryl iodides with primary amines proceed at 50 °C with only 0.01 mol % of Cu₂O and ligand as well as a coupling reaction of (hetero)­aryl bromides with primary amines and ammonia at 80 °C with only 0.1 mol % of Cu₂O and ligand. A wide range of coupling partners work well under these conditions, thereby providing an easy to operate method for preparing (hetero)­aryl amines

Simple Approach to Improving the Amplified Spontaneous Emission Properties of Perovskite Films

Organo-lead halide perovskite has emerged as a promising optical gain media. However, continuous efforts are needed to improve the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) even lasing properties to evade the poor photostability and thermal instability of the perovskites. Herein, we report that simply through the coating of polymer layer, the CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ polycrystalline films prepared by a modified sequential deposition process show remarkably enhanced photoluminescence and prolonged decay lifetime. As a result, under nanosecond pulse pumping, the ASE threshold of the perovskite films is significantly reduced from 303 to 140 μJ/cm². Furthermore, the light exposure stability is improved greatly after the polymer coating. We confirmed that the polymer layer plays the roles of both surface passivation and symmetric waveguides. Our results may shed light upon the stable and sustained output of laser from perovskite materials