Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary from the Koraljka-1 Off-Shore Well (SW of Zadar, Adriatic Sea)

Deep exploration well Koraljka-1 in the central part of the Adriatic Sea was drilled through Neogene and Paleogene deposits and penetrated the Upper Cretaceous. In the interval from 2500 to 2230 m, the Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits consist of white to grey, mud-supported, fairly fossiliferous deeper-water, chalky limestone (wackestone-mudstone) with sporadic occurrences of chert, intercalated with bioclastic limestone packstone/rudstone to floatstone. Bioclastic limestone (calcarenite) intercalations, which yield platform-derived detritus, were redeposited seaward on the deep platform slope by a gravity mechanism. Lithostratigraphically, sedimentation was almost continuous across the Cretaceous - Tertiary boundary. The importance of these deposits and their stratigraphic interest is based on the fact that there is no on-shore equivalent of such deeper-water deposits in the Croatian part of the Outer Dinarids. In biostratigraphic terms, the K/T boundary is marked by significant changes in the microfossil assemblages (calcareous nannofossils, plankton and benthic foraminifera), which revealed that the hiatus at the boundary is minimal

Métodos para la determinación de la carga última en vigas de acero en I sometidas a una carga concentrada excéntrica

Experimental tests show that most eccentrically patch loaded steel I-girders have a collapse mode quite different from that of centrically loaded girders. Concerning engineering practice, the most important difference between collapse modes is in ultimate load. The reduction in ultimate load with an increase in load eccentricity is obvious in some eccentrically loaded girders. Under certain circumstances, for a certain combination of influential parameters, eccentrically loaded girders behave as if loaded in the web plane, with no or no significant reduction in ultimate load due to load eccentricity. Dealing with such a big number of mutually dependant parameters that influence collapse mode and level of ultimate load reduction due to load eccentricity, still without theoretical formulation of collapse mechanism, two approaches for ultimate load determination are analysed: empirical mathematical expressions and artificial neural networks forecast models. Results of two procedures are compared. Recommendations for application in engineering practice are given.Las pruebas experimentales muestran que la mayoría de vigas en I de acero cargadas excéntricamente tienen un modo de colapso muy diferente del de las vigas cargadas centradas. En cuanto a la práctica de ingeniería, la diferencia más importante entre los modos de colapso es la carga final. La reducción de la carga última con un aumento de la excentricidad de carga es evidente en algunas vigas cargadas excéntricamente, mientras que bajo ciertas circunstancias, para una determinada combinación de parámetros influyentes, las vigas cargadas excéntricamente se comportan como si se carga en el plano del alma, con ninguna reducción significativa en la carga última debido a la carga excéntrica. Se analizan dos métodos para la determinación de la carga máxima: expresiones matemáticas empíricas y redes neuronales artificiales. Los resultados de ambos procedimientos se comparan. Se dan recomendaciones para su aplicación en la práctica

Penile morphology in six populations of Branchipus schaefferi Fischer, 1834 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from Serbia

Male genital morphology of six populations of Branchipus schaefferi from different locations in Serbia is described. Both qualitative and quantitative morphological traits were taken into consideration. The majority of males from lowland parts of the country (Pannonian Plane) had a long sickle-curved or arched spine situated on the basal part of the penis. Males sampled in the south-eastern part of the country (the region of Stara Planina Mountains) possessed short, straight or slightly bowed basal spine. A distal penile part appeared as a more stable character than the proximal one. Males from one of the examined populations possessed roundish and spineless penile tip, a feature heretofore not described in B. schaefferi.Acta Zoologica Bulgarica (2017), 69(1): 17-2

Cuticular chemoprofile of the fruit fly Drosophila Subobscura (Diptera, drosophilidae)

In insects, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile is involved in many important biological functions and may vary in different conditions. Among fruit fly species, Drosophila subobscura is one of the most frequently used in genetic, ecological and evolutionary research, because of its rich chromosomal polymorphism, specific behavioral repertoires and habitat preferences. In this work, we identified and quantified cuticular chemoprofile of D. subobscura. Using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 25 chemical compounds were found in males and 23 compounds were found in females. Further, ANOVA confirmed significant sexual dimorphism in cuticular chemoprofile amounts. Knowledge of cuticular chemistry could contribute to further research in D. subobscura, starting from behavioral, up to ecological, since this species is recognized as an important model system for the study and monitoring of global climate changes. © 2018, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved

RECRUITMENT OF JUVENILE GOLDEN GREY MULLET, Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) AND FLATHEAD GREY MULLET, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 IN THE NERETVA RIVER ESTUARY

Istraživani su novačenje, rast i prehrana mlađi cipla zlatca, Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) i cipla bataša, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 na području ušća Neretve. Uzorkovano je na trima postajama: na pjeskovito–muljevitim plažama ušća Male Neretve i ušća Kanala materijal se prikupljao priobalnom mrežom potegačom, a u luci Ploče, na postaji s većom dubinom i kamenitom podlogom »špurtilom«. Ulovljenim je ribama izmjerena ukupna dužina tijela (Lt) te ukupna masa (W). Određeni postotak učestalosti pojavljivanja plijena (%F), postotak brojnosti plijena (%N) i koeficijent praznosti probavila (%V). Analizirana je kompeticija između vrsta temeljena na vremenskom i prostornom preklapanju njihova novačenja. Mlađ cipla zlatca bila je prisutna u ulovu od listopada do ožujka, a s najmanjim dužinskim kategorijama, od 15 do 20 mm, od listopada do siječnja. Analiza dužinsko–masenog odnosa pokazuje da populacija cipla zlatca na području ušća Neretve ima negativan alometrijski rast. U sadržaju probavila od listopada do veljače prevladavaju kopepodi reda Harpacticoida. U ožujku je zabilježeno značajno povećanje kukaca, a u prosincu račića podreda Gammaridea. Mlađ cipla bataša zabilježena je u uzorcima od rujna do studenoga. Najmanje uzrasne kategorije od 10 do 15 mm ukupne dužine pojavljuju se u rujnu i listopadu. Analizom dužinsko–masenog odnosa ustanovljeno je da uzorci na svim trima postajama pokazuju negativan alometrijski rast. U probavilima cipla bataša dominantna su skupina također bili harpaktikoidni kopepodi. Utvrđena je statistički značajna kompeticija (SI = 0,747) između mlađi cipla zlatca i cipla bataša na postaji ušće Male Neretve, uglavnom zbog visokog udjela Harpacticoida u probavilima obiju vrsta.Research of recruitment, growth and diet of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) was carried out on the sampling sites in estuary of Neretva; Mala Neretva, Kanal and port of Ploče. On sandy–muddy beaches, samples were collected using seine net and on deeper sites with rocky bottoms, samples were collected by using small »dip net«. Total length of body and total weight were measured. Stomach contents were analysed using inverted microscope. Prey frequency (%F), abundance (%N) and coefficient of empty stomach (%V) were determined. Also possible food competition between different species of mullet juveniles was studied, based on space and time overlap of their recruitment. Recruitment of golden grey mullet (length category of 15–20 mm in samples) lasted from October to January. Analysis of lenght–weight relationship in the area of estuary of Mala Neretva showed that population has a negative alometric growth. In analyzed stomach contents from October to February, dominant were harpacticoid copepods. There was a substantial increase in the percentage of insects in March, and gammarids in December. Juveniles of flathead grey mullet were found in samples from September to November, with small length categories of 10–15 mm in September and October. Analysis of length–weight relationship established that samples on all three sites had a negative alometric growth. Fast growth was recorded during all three months because the sea temperature was above 20 °C. In the stomachs of flathead grey mullet juveniles the dominant prey group was also harpacticoids on all three sites. Statistically significant level of competition (SI= 0.747) was determined between L. aurata and M. cephalus in the estuary of Mala Neretva, mainly because of high percentage of harpacticoids in prey content of both species

GISAXS/GIXRD View of ZnO Films with Hierarchical Structural Elements

ZnO films constituted of porous sheet-like structures, formed by calcination of precursor, were examined using scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous small-angle scattering and diffraction of the synchrotron-sourced X-rays, under the grazing-incidence conditions. The presented analysis enabled insight into the complexity of the film morphology, which revealed substrate sensitivity on the microscopic and nanoscopic length scales. The average size and spatial arrangement of nanoparticles, single-crystal domains, and the average size and features of nanopores in sheet-like structures were determined for films deposited on glass, polycrystalline ZnO layer, and silicon

Cuticular chemoprofile of the fruit fly Drosophila Subobscura (Diptera, drosophilidae)

In insects, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile is involved in many important biological functions and may vary in different conditions. Among fruit fly species, Drosophila subobscura is one of the most frequently used in genetic, ecological and evolutionary research, because of its rich chromosomal polymorphism, specific behavioral repertoires and habitat preferences. In this work, we identified and quantified cuticular chemoprofile of D. subobscura. Using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 25 chemical compounds were found in males and 23 compounds were found in females. Further, ANOVA confirmed significant sexual dimorphism in cuticular chemoprofile amounts. Knowledge of cuticular chemistry could contribute to further research in D. subobscura, starting from behavioral, up to ecological, since this species is recognized as an important model system for the study and monitoring of global climate changes. © 2018, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved

Chemical Ecology of Cave-Dwelling Millipedes: Defensive Secretions of the Typhloiulini (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Cave animals live under highly constant ecological conditions and in permanent darkness, and many evolutionary adaptations of cave-dwellers have been triggered by their specific environment. A similar "cave effect" leading to pronounced chemical interactions under such conditions may be assumed, but the chemoecology of troglobionts is mostly unknown. We investigated the defensive chemistry of a largely cave-dwelling julid group, the controversial tribe "Typhloiulini", and we included some cave-dwelling and some endogean representatives. While chemical defense in juliform diplopods is known to be highly uniform, and mainly based on methyl- and methoxy-substituted benzoquinones, the defensive secretions of typhloiulines contained ethyl-benzoquinones and related compounds. Interestingly, ethyl-benzoquinones were found in some, but not all cave-dwelling typhloiulines, and some non-cave dwellers also contained these compounds. On the other hand, ethyl-benzoquinones were not detected in troglobiont nor in endogean typhloiuline outgroups. In order to explain the taxonomic pattern of ethyl-benzoquinone occurrence, and to unravel whether a cave-effect triggered ethyl-benzoquinone evolution, we classed the "Typhloiulini" investigated here within a phylogenetic framework of julid taxa, and traced the evolutionary history of ethyl-benzoquinones in typhloiulines in relation to cave-dwelling. The results indicated a cave-independent evolution of ethyl-substituted benzoquinones, indicating the absence of a "cave effect" on the secretions of troglobiont Typhloiulini. Ethyl-benzoquinones probably evolved early in an epi- or endogean ancestor of a clade including several, but not all Typhloiulus (basically comprising a taxonomic entity known as "Typhloiulus sensu stricto") and Serboiulus. Ethyl-benzoquinones are proposed as novel and valuable chemical characters for julid systematics.Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3085

Supplementary data for article: Makarov, S. E.; Bodner, M.; Reineke, D.; Vujisić, L. V.; Todosijević, M. M.; Antić, D. Ž.; Vagalinski, B.; Lučić, L. R.; Mitić, B. M.; Mitov, P.; et al. Chemical Ecology of Cave-Dwelling Millipedes: Defensive Secretions of the Typhloiulini (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 2017, 43 (4), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-017-0832-1

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-017-0832-1]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2450