1,410 research outputs found
The Effect of Substituent on Molecules That Contain a Triple Bond Between Arsenic and Group 13 Elements: Theoretical Designs and Characterizations
The effect of substitution on the potential energy surfaces of RE13âĄAsR (E13 = group 13 elements; R = F, OH, H, CH3, and SiH3) is determined using density functional theory (M06â2X/Def2âTZVP, B3PW91/Def2âTZVP, and B3LYP/LANL2DZ+dp). The computational studies demonstrate that all triply bonded RE13âĄAsR species prefer to adopt a bent geometry that is consistent with the valence electron model. The theoretical studies also demonstrate that RE13âĄAsR molecules with smaller substituents are kinetically unstable, with respect to the intramolecular rearrangements. However, triply bonded Râ˛E13âĄAsRⲠspecies with bulkier substituents (RⲠ= SiMe(SitBu3)2, SiiPrDis2, and NHC) are found to occupy the lowest minimum on the singlet potential energy surface, and they are both kinetically and thermodynamically stable. That is to say, the electronic and steric effects of bulky substituents play an important role in making molecules that feature an E13âĄAs triple bond as viable synthetic target
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Magnetic and gravity interpretation of Yaloc-69 data from the Cocos plate area
Magnetic, gravity and bathymetry data were collected on an extended
cruise of the R/V Yaquina in 1969. The last set of data was obtained
from those track lines leaving the Panama Basin. The area
covered is mainly the Cocos plate (Molnar and Sykes, 1969). The data
is analyzed and compared with results of previous workers and the
geophysical implications considered.
Generally speaking, from the magnetic part of the data, both
direct and indirect methods show support of Vine and Matthew's
(1963) hypothesis of sea-floor spreading and the subsequent principles
of new global tectonics. The most northern magnetic anomaly profile
across the East Pacific rise (at 18.3°N) shows a spreading rate about
3 cm/yr. and the most southern one (at 12.8°N) shows a rate about
5.2 cm/yr. The Cocos plate has been assumed to move in a northeast-southwest
direction (N30°E to N45°E), and rotate with respect to the
Pacific plate about a pole at 40°N, 110°W with an angular velocity of
19.6x10âťâˇ deg./yr. (Larson and Chase, 1970). New material comes
up from the west boundary - the East Pacific rise, and the south
boundary - the Galapogos rift, causing the Cocos plate to underthrust
the Americans plate at the middle American arc. Some of the points
of new global tectonics can not be detected from this set of data; further
detailed study of more track lines and sea bottom core samples
are needed. The results of both analytical methods for determining
the magnitude of induced and remanent magnetization in the second
layer shows some consistence with the work of Schaeffer and Schwarz
(1970), and Irving et al. (1970) at the Mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N, in
which a thinner magnetization layer at the ridge and the attenuation of
magnetization intensity away from the ridge axis are suggested. Free-air
gravity anomaly profiles have been employed to determine the
crustal structure of two sections1 a ridge section at 12.8°N and a
trench section at 14°N. For the ridge section, if the anomalous mantle
was converted from normal mantle, the extension of anomalous mantle
into the normal mantle requires some uplift and/or lateral expansion
in the rise crest area. The tensional configuration suggested in the
trench crustal section agrees with the model proposed by Elsasser
(1968) for the differential movement between two lithospheric blocks.
This work gives some speculations that evidence which supports
the present new global tectonics theory is limited to a certain degree
of accuracy. Further study of the theory based upon physics, its
mechanism, and measurement techniques that would give more reliable
evidence have to be developed before it can be ascertained what
really happens beneath this wild, wild world
Tailoring excitonic states of van der Waals bilayers through stacking configuration, band alignment and valley-spin
Excitons in monolayer semiconductors have large optical transition dipole for
strong coupling with light field. Interlayer excitons in heterobilayers, with
layer separation of electron and hole components, feature large electric dipole
that enables strong coupling with electric field and exciton-exciton
interaction, at the cost that the optical dipole is substantially quenched (by
several orders of magnitude). In this letter, we demonstrate the ability to
create a new class of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) hetero-
and homo-bilayers that combines the advantages of monolayer- and
interlayer-excitons, i.e. featuring both large optical dipole and large
electric dipole. These excitons consist of an electron that is well confined in
an individual layer, and a hole that is well extended in both layers, realized
here through the carrier-species specific layer-hybridization controlled
through the interplay of rotational, translational, band offset, and
valley-spin degrees of freedom. We observe different species of such
layer-hybridized valley excitons in different heterobilayer and homobilayer
systems, which can be utilized for realizing strongly interacting
excitonic/polaritonic gases, as well as optical quantum coherent controls of
bidirectional interlayer carrier transfer either with upper conversion or down
conversion in energy
Triple Bonds between Bismuth and Group 13 Elements: Theoretical Designs and Characterization
The effect of substitution on the potential energy surfaces of RE13âĄBiR (E13 = B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl; R = F, OH, H, CH3, SiH3, Tbt, Ar*, SiMe(SitBu3)2, and SiiPrDis2) is investigated using density functional theories (M06-2X/Def2-TZVP, B3PW91/Def2-TZVP, and B3LYP/LANL2DZ+dp). The theoretical results suggest that all of the triply bonded RE13âĄBiR molecules prefer to adopt a bent geometry (i.e., â RE13Bi â 180° and â E13BiR â 90°), which agrees well with the bonding model (model (B)). It is also demonstrated that the smaller groups, such as R = F, OH, H, CH3, and SiH3, neither kinetically nor thermodynamically stabilize the triply bonded RE13âĄBiR compounds, except for the case of H3SiBâĄBiSiH3. Nevertheless, the triply bonded RĘšE13âĄBiRĘš molecules that feature bulkier substituents (RĘš = Tbt, Ar*, SiMe(SitBu3)2, and SiiPrDis2) are found to have the global minimum on the singlet potential energy surface and are both kinetically and thermodynamically stable. In other words, both the electronic and the steric effects of bulkier substituent groups play an important role in making triply bonded RE13âĄBiR (Group 13âGroup 15) species synthetically accessible and isolable in a stable form
Decadal Oscillation of Fall Temperature in Taiwan
This study verifies the existence of an evident decadal oscillation in fall (September - November) temperature for Taiwan. It has an island-wide spatial pattern and a central frequency of 11 years. Acorresponding decadal-oscillation mode of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) is found to be largely responsible for inducing the decadal temperature oscillation for Taiwan via the following regulating processes. On a decadal timescale, periods of decadal warming in Taiwan concur with major cold anomalies in tropical SST over the eastern Indian Ocean and the central Pacific. These cold SST anomalies modulate tropical Walker circulation so as to produce anomalous descending centers in their regions. Meanwhile, the complementary anomalous ascending motion and anomalous low-level convergence center occur near the Maritime continent. These anomalous ascending and descending centers act as tropical forcing sources to evoke a low-level Rossby-wave-like circulation anomaly in the Asian-Pacific regions. Taiwan is surrounded by a low-level anomalous high to its east and an anomalous low to its west. These circulations induce anomalous flows from the south to warm Taiwan via anomalous warm advection. The above regulating processes reverse in polarity during periods of decadal cooling in Taiwan
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated cardioprotection by Akt/GSK-3β/caveolin signalling in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts
Background: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) with its potent anti-oxidative capabilities is known for its beneficialeffects ameliorating oxidative injury to cardiac cells. Although studies have provided convincing evidence tosupport the cardioprotective effects of EGCg, it remains unclear whether EGCg affect trans-membrane signalling incardiac cells. Here, we have demonstrated the potential mechanism for cardioprotection of EGCg againstH2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.Results: Exposing H9c2 cells to H2O2 suppressed cell viability and altered the expression of adherens and gapjunction proteins with increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and cytosolic Ca2+. These detrimentaleffects were attenuated by pre-treating cells with EGCg for 30 min. EGCg also attenuated H2O2-mediated cell cyclearrest at the G1-S phase through the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin/cyclin D1 signalling pathway.To determine how EGCg targets H9c2 cells, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) was ectopically expressedin these cells. EGFP-emission fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that EGCg induced dose-dependent fluorescencechanges in EGFP expressing cells, suggesting that EGCg signalling events might trigger proximity changes of EGFPexpressed in these cells.Proteomics studies showed that EGFP formed complexes with the 67 kD laminin receptor, caveolin-1 and -3,β-actin, myosin 9, vimentin in EGFP expressing cells. Using in vitro oxidative stress and in vivo myocardial ischemiamodels, we also demonstrated the involvement of caveolin in EGCg-mediated cardioprotection. In addition,EGCg-mediated caveolin-1 activation was found to be modulated by Akt/GSK-3β signalling in H2O2-induced H9c2cell injury.Conclusions: Our data suggest that caveolin serves as a membrane raft that may help mediate cardioprotectiveEGCg transmembrane signalling
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