Duality relation between coherence and path information in the presence of quantum memory

The wave-particle duality demonstrates a competition relation between wave and particle behavior for a particle going through an interferometer. This duality can be formulated as an inequality, which upper bounds the sum of interference visibility and path information. However, if the particle is entangled with a quantum memory, then the bound may decrease. Here, we find the duality relation between coherence and path information for a particle going through a multipath interferometer in the presence of a quantum memory, offering an upper bound on the duality relation which is directly connected with the amount of entanglement between the particle and the quantum memory.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, comments are welcom

Quantifying the resource content of quantum channels: An operational approach

We propose a general method to operationally quantify the resourcefulness of quantum channels via channel discrimination, an important information processing task. A main result is that the maximum success probability of distinguishing a given channel from the set of free channels by free probe states is exactly characterized by the resource generating power, i.e. the maximum amount of resource produced by the action of the channel, given by the trace distance to the set of free states. We apply this framework to the resource theory of quantum coherence, as an informative example. The general results can also be easily applied to other resource theories such as entanglement, magic states, and asymmetry.Comment: v2. 9 pages, new references are added v1. 8 pages, no figure

A Microalbuminuria Threshold to Predict the Risk for the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a microalbuminuria (MA) threshold can help predict the risk for the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)_ patients. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 4739 subjects with T2DM and a prospective study of 297 subjects with T2DM in China respectively. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data were collected and biologic risk factors associated with any DR were analysed. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional study, we found that MA was an independent risk factor for DR development; further, when the patients were divided into MA deciles, odds ratio (ORs) of DR for the patients in the sixth MA decile (10.7 mg/24 h) was 1.579-fold (1.161-2.147) compared to that for patients in the first MA decile. Furthermore, the OR of DR increased with a gradual increase in MA levels. Similarly, in the prospective study, during a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, we found that 51 patients (29.0%) of the 176 subjects with high MA level (10.7-30 mg/24 h) developed DR, while 17 patients (14.1%) of the 121 subjects with lower MA (<10.7 mg/24 h) developed DR, and the relative risk ratio of the development of DR is 2.13(95% CI, 1.58-3.62, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that an MA threshold can predict the risk for the development of DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus, although it is still within the traditionally established normal range