1,173 research outputs found
Cyber Insurance for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) composed of densely deployed base
stations of different types with various radio access technologies have become
a prevailing trend to accommodate ever-increasing traffic demand in enormous
volume. Nowadays, users rely heavily on HWNs for ubiquitous network access that
contains valuable and critical information such as financial transactions,
e-health, and public safety. Cyber risks, representing one of the most
significant threats to network security and reliability, are increasing in
severity. To address this problem, this article introduces the concept of cyber
insurance to transfer the cyber risk (i.e., service outage, as a consequence of
cyber risks in HWNs) to a third party insurer. Firstly, a review of the
enabling technologies for HWNs and their vulnerabilities to cyber risks is
presented. Then, the fundamentals of cyber insurance are introduced, and
subsequently, a cyber insurance framework for HWNs is presented. Finally, open
issues are discussed and the challenges are highlighted for integrating cyber
insurance as a service of next generation HWNs.Comment: IEEE Communications Magazine (Heterogeneous Ultra Dense Networks
A High-Quality Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Fiber Sensor by Femtosecond Laser One-Step Processing
During new fiber sensor development experiments, an easy-to-fabricate simple sensing structure with a trench and partially ablated fiber core is fabricated by using an 800 nm 35 fs 1 kHz laser. It is demonstrated that the structure forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the interference between the laser light passing through the air in the trench cavity and that in the remained fiber core. The fringe visibilities are all more than 25 dB. The transmission spectra vary with the femtosecond (fs) laser ablation scanning cycle. The free spectral range (FSR) decreases as the trench length increases. The MZI structure is of very high fabrication and sensing repeatability. The sensing mechanism is theoretically discussed, which is in agreement with experiments. The test sensitivity for acetone vapor is about 104 nm/RIU, and the temperature sensitivity is 51.5 pm/°C at 200 ~ 875 °C with a step of 25 °C
A High-Quality Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Fiber Sensor by Femtosecond Laser One-Step Processing
During new fiber sensor development experiments, an easy-to-fabricate simple sensing structure with a trench and partially ablated fiber core is fabricated by using an 800 nm 35 fs 1 kHz laser. It is demonstrated that the structure forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the interference between the laser light passing through the air in the trench cavity and that in the remained fiber core. The fringe visibilities are all more than 25 dB. The transmission spectra vary with the femtosecond (fs) laser ablation scanning cycle. The free spectral range (FSR) decreases as the trench length increases. The MZI structure is of very high fabrication and sensing repeatability. The sensing mechanism is theoretically discussed, which is in agreement with experiments. The test sensitivity for acetone vapor is about 104 nm/RIU, and the temperature sensitivity is 51.5 pm/°C at 200 ~ 875 °C with a step of 25 °C
A High-Quality Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Fiber Sensor by Femtosecond Laser One-Step Processing
During new fiber sensor development experiments, an easy-to-fabricate simple sensing structure with a trench and partially ablated fiber core is fabricated by using an 800 nm 35 fs 1 kHz laser. It is demonstrated that the structure forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the interference between the laser light passing through the air in the trench cavity and that in the remained fiber core. The fringe visibilities are all more than 25 dB. The transmission spectra vary with the femtosecond (fs) laser ablation scanning cycle. The free spectral range (FSR) decreases as the trench length increases. The MZI structure is of very high fabrication and sensing repeatability. The sensing mechanism is theoretically discussed, which is in agreement with experiments. The test sensitivity for acetone vapor is about 104 nm/RIU, and the temperature sensitivity is 51.5 pm/°C at 200 ~ 875 °C with a step of 25 °C
Comparison of the quality of life for spectacle wearers and contact lens wearers before and after refractive surgery
AIM: To compare the difference of the quality of life(QOL)of spectacle wearers or contact lens wearers before and after refractive surgery by the quality of life impact of refractive correction(QIRC). METHODS:Totally 72 cases were enrolled in the investigation with 50 spectacle wearers and 22 contact lens wearers. The QOL of them were surveyed by Chinese QIRC before surgery and 3 months later after surgery. RESULTS: 1. The QOL scores(42.29±4.90 in post-operation vs 39.30±5.16 in pre-operation)and satisfaction scores(86.51±9.14 in post-operation vs 71.58±13.24 in pre-operation)of spectacle wearers were higher after surgery more than before, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The vision and physical functioning(P<0.05), driving and activity in night
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