Leveraging ASTM Industry Standard F3269-17 for Providing Safe Operations of a Highly Autonomous Aircraft

This paper expands upon the ASTM industry standard F3269-17 to outline a run-time assurance (RTA) network architecture for use in ensuring safe flight operations of a highly autonomous aircraft. An RTA network architecture is proposed and critical features discussed to implement functions where automation is primarily responsible for the safety of the aircraft instead of a pilot. This shift in responsibility, made possible by the proposed architecture, is key to highly resilient automation and is a core enabler for future pilotless transportation concepts. The findings in this paper stem from the researchers experiences with ASTM in the generation of the standard and some seven years of RTA system development on various flight programs leveraging the RTA concepts outlined in the ASTM standard

Extensive Growth of the Hooves of a Shetland

A spotted Shetland pony, 10 years of age, was brought to Stange Memorial Clinic on Aug. 12, 1950. This Shetland pony had engorged itself on corn in Sept. 1949. The front hooves had grown extremely long and were curved upward in such a manner that the bottom or walking surface of the shoe was parallel to the ground, but upside down. The pony was very lame and walking was awkward and painful

Cresol Sensitivity in a Palomino

On March 10, 1950, a 2-year-old Palomino mare was adimitted to Stange Memorial Clinic for treatment of a wire cut on the lateral surface of the right front fetlock

A Case of Clinical Listerellosis

A Brown Swiss cow from a local herd of 60 head was admitted to Stange Memorial clinic on Feb. 5, 1950, with a history of being off feed, circling to the right and with being a possible rabies suspect. Another animal in the herd had died previously with similar symptoms

Investigating Schedule Length of Space and Missile Systems Center Contracts

Acquisition reform has long been the goal of the Department of Defense to save, recover and redistribute funds in an efficient manner. The Space and Missile Systems Center Program Management and Integration Directorate (SMC/PI) and Acquisitions Center of Excellence (ACE) have shared the same effort and have made strides to better their acquisition processes. Many different angles have been examined to try to discover cost and schedule growth however, little research has been done to find the drivers of schedule length. This research is aimed at finding contributing factors to the length of schedule of the pre-acquisition process. By using Fisher’s Exact test and contingency table analysis programs were explored to find what factors contribute to the length of schedule. The results of this analysis show significance can be found in the contract’s type, strategy and the phases in which a program is in. Additionally, the research shows significance with programs that waive stages

Leveraging ASTM Industry Standard F3269-17 Providing Safe Operations of a Highly Autonomous Aircraft

This presentation and companion paper discuss the four critical concepts required for using the ASTM industry standard towards the certification of a highly autonomous aircraft

Determining the Diagenetic Conditions of Concretion Formation: Assessing Temperatures and Pore Waters Using Clumped Isotopes

Carbonate-δ^(18)O paleothermometry is used in many diagenetic studies to unravel the thermal history of basins. However, this approach generally requires an assumed pore-water δ^(18)O (δ^(18)O_(pw)) value, a parameter that is difficult to quantify in past regimes. In addition, many processes can change the original isotopic composition of pore water, which further complicates the assignment of an initial δ^(18)O_(pw) and can lead to erroneous temperature estimates. Here, we use clumped-isotope thermometry, a proxy based on the ^(13)C–^(18)O bond abundance in carbonate minerals, to evaluate the temperatures of concretion formation in the Miocene Monterey Formation and the Cretaceous Holz Shale, California. These temperatures are combined with established carbonate–water fractionation factors to calculate the associated δ^(18)O_(pw). Results demonstrate that diagenetic processes can modify the δ^(18)O of ancient pore water, confounding attempts to estimate diagenetic temperatures using standard approaches. Clumped-isotope-based temperature estimates for Monterey Formation concretions range from ∼ 17 to 35°C, up to ∼ 12°C higher than traditional δ^(18)O carbonate–water paleothermometry when δ^(18)O_(pw) values are assumed to equal Miocene seawater values. Calculated δ^(18)O_(pw) values range from +0.3 to +2.5‰ (VSMOW)—higher than coeval Miocene seawater, likely due to δ^(18)O_(pw) modification accompanying diagenesis of sedimentary siliceous phases. Clumped-isotope temperatures for the Holz Shale concretions range from ∼ 33 to 44°C, about 15 to 30°C lower than temperatures derived using the traditional method. Calculated δ^(18)O_(pw) values range from −5.0 to −2.9‰ and likely reflect the influx of meteoric fluids. We conclude that the use of clumped isotopes both improves the accuracy of temperature reconstructions and provides insight into the evolution of δ^(18)O_(pw) during diagenesis, addressing a longstanding conundrum in basin-evolution research