121 research outputs found

    “A Skilful Artist has Constructed a Tale” Is the short story a good instance of “word/image”? Towards intermedial criticism

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    Y a-t-il une affinitĂ© entre la nouvelle et le visuel ? InstantanĂ©itĂ© d'effet, un morceau dĂ©tachable, saisie d'emblĂ©e de l'ensemble comme un tableau. Autant de traits qui communĂ©ment semblent le confirmer. Y aurait-il alors une analogie de forme entre la forme brĂšve et l'image picturale photographique ou autre ? On pourra tenter de voir comment les nouvelles ont pu mettre en scĂšne ce rapport entre visible et lisible, ce qui mĂšnera Ă  interroger et la thĂ©orie de la nouvelle et celle de l'image dans ce chassĂ©-croisĂ© entre les deux modalitĂ©s du voir et de l'Ă©crire. La nouvelle Ă  fort coefficient pictural serait-elle alors un parfait exemple de « texte/image » forme hybride entre l'un et l'autre, ni l'un ni l'autre, mais point de rencontre des deux sur le mode de l'oscillation constitutive de son mode Ă  ĂȘtre ? Les exemples viendront offrir leur espace pragmatique pour vĂ©rifier cette « idĂ©e de recherche » qui s'inscrit dans une recherche plus large, celui des Ă©tudes intermĂ©diales

    Repellent Shapes and Bewildering “Illustrations” : Stanley Spencer’s Eccentric Styles

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    “The mystery and inscrutability of Stanley Spencer’s [‘illustrative’] art”(Causey 143). To appropriate something means to make it proper, to make it one’s own and thus to integrate it, to incorporate it, thereby giving it a new life. Because it becomes one’s property, one imparts it with one’s own being: what one knows, what one hates, what one likes, what one chooses, is. Then the appropriated is cut off from its former self and becomes other, transformed, re-created. Stanley Spencer constan..

    "The Writer's Field: Patrols of the Imagination" John McGahern's Short Stories

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    Les nouvelles de McGahern construisent un monde imaginaire paradoxalement ancrĂ© dans une rĂ©alitĂ© des plus banales. L'Ă©criture, elle, l'est moins, lorsqu'on y regarde de prĂšs. FidĂšle Ă  la dĂ©finition qu'il a donnĂ©e de son travail, dans "The Image" McGahern part de l'image qui structure son Ɠuvre. Le pouvoir de l'imaginaire repose sur un travail de mĂ©moire comme source d'inspiration. A cela s'ajoutent le rĂŽle du rythme et la sonoritĂ© d'une voix qui s'entend rĂ©sonant depuis l'intĂ©rieur du texte. C'est ce cĂŽtĂ© conteur qui fait aussi des nouvelles de McGahern un rĂ©gal pour l'oreille et montre en mĂȘme temps comment la nouvelle est un genre hybride oscillant entre le narratif, le poĂ©tique et le thĂ©Ăątral.McGahern's short stories build up an imaginary world paradoxically anchored in a very banal reality. The medium is less banal when one closely looks at it. As he declared in "The Image,” McGahern starts from a founding image. The power of imagination rests on a reworking of memory as source of inspiration. But one must not forget the importance of the rhythm and the texture of a voice which can be heard from within the text. McGahern's stories are the work of a born story-teller, they also show to what extent the short story is a hybrid genre oscillating between narration, poetry and drama

    Introduction

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    John McGahern's work has dominated the Irish literary landscape for almost forty years. First rendered famous by his first novel The Barracks, the writer then underwent the painful process of censorship and self-imposed exile after the banning of The Dark. If the following novels, The Leavetaking, The Pornographer and Amongst Women have aroused increasing interest in his work and attracted praise and controversy, the three collections of short stories, Nightlines(1970), Getting Through (1978)..

    Le « tournant exceptionnel » de Stanley Spencer : autoportraits et doubles portraits

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    Stanley Spencer est bien connu pour ses scĂšnes souvent inspirĂ©es des Saintes Écritures, souvent situĂ©es dans son village natal de Cookham dans le Berkshire. TrĂšs critiquĂ© Ă  son Ă©poque pour ces scĂšnes, jugĂ©es trop illustratives par Roger Fry et dont les personnages semblent dĂ©sarticulĂ©s, avec des membres distordus, et une agitation frĂ©nĂ©tique, il n’en marqua pas moins son Ă©poque. Parmi les nombreuses Ɠuvres de sa production picturale, les annĂ©es trente marquent un changement important dans le choix des sujets. La pĂąte devient plus Ă©paisse, les couleurs plus claires et nuancĂ©es, les personnages sont peints en gros plan. Il s’agit d’autoportraits et surtout de doubles portraits de nus avec celle qui Ă©tait sa seconde femme Ă  l’époque, Patricia Preece. Ces Ɠuvres datent d’une Ă©poque particuliĂšrement douloureuse pour le peintre. Le changement de maniĂšre est frappant Ă©galement dans la mesure oĂč il annonce certains des peintres de la gĂ©nĂ©ration suivante, tel Lucian Freud, qui allait lui aussi peindre des nus avec une pĂąte Ă©paisse dans des postures jugĂ©es particuliĂšrement indĂ©centes pour les critiques et le public. Les « sex pictures » de Spencer telles qu’elles furent nommĂ©es ouvraient ainsi la voie Ă  l’École de Londres tout en tĂ©moignant de la maniĂšre dont l’art subit les tourments de la vie.Stanley Spencer is well-known for his scenes inspired by the Scriptures, often located in Cookham, Berkshire, his native village. Receiving a very critical reception in his time because his scenes were deemed too illustrative by Roger Fry, for instance, and his characters shocking with their disjointed members when launched in a frenzied agitation, he was nevertheless recognized for his talent in his own time. Among the numerous pictures he painted, those achieved in the thirties display a radical turn in the astonishing manner and choice of subjects he adopted. The matter is thicker, the colours clearer and with nuances, the characters are painted with heavy layers and the subjects stand or lie at close range in the foreground. They are nude self-portraits and double nude portraits of himself and his then second wife, Patricia Preece. These paintings correspond to a particularly agonizing period for the painter. The change in his manner also heralds some of the painters of the next generation. For instance, Lucian Freud was going to apply thick layers of paint to his models often lying in particularly indecent poses as judged by both critics and public. Spencer’s “sex pictures”, as they were called, were thus paving the way for the London School while testifying to the way art may be informed by one’s life’s torments

    L’immobilitĂ© vive, ou « une petite Ă©toile Ă  la vitre du texte »

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    « L’immobilitĂ© vive » que l’on nous donne Ă  penser repose sur un oxymore, un paradoxe, l’alliance de contraires habituellement opposĂ©s comme dans la dichotomie, classique au sein des Ă©tudes artistiques, entre la vie et la mort, l’amour et la haine, le temps et l’espace. Une alliance de contraires, ce qui n’est pas le cas du texte et de l’image mis ensemble, puisque l’oscillation constitutive du rapport texte/image est aussi le lieu de l’émergence du « tiers pictural » (Louvel), cette apparition entre deux de l’image comme « une petite Ă©toile Ă  la vitre du texte ». Ce qui nous rappelle le punctum barthĂ©sien. On ira donc voir du cĂŽtĂ© de la nature morte qui, bien qu’immobile, peut s’animer, still life Ă  la Taylor-Wood, ou du cĂŽtĂ© d’un texte de Gabriel Josipovici, qui met en mots une nature morte. On verra comment le moment ekphrastique constitue une dis-tempsion du texte pris entre fixitĂ© et progression. C’est le lieu de « l’évĂ©nement de lecture » (Louis Marin) quand l’image, tout Ă  coup, se lĂšve d’entre les lignes, provoquant l’effet du « tiers pictural », matiĂšre de prĂ©sence.The “intense immobility” we have to think and rethink here rests on an oxymoron, the combination of opposites which are usually pitted one against the other in artistic studies, as in life and death, love and hate, time and space. A combination of opposites, which is not what the relation between word and image is when they work together, since the oscillation of the word/image relation also is the locus of the “pictorial third” (Louvel). This results from the in-between appearance of the image causing “a small star on the window pane of the text”, reminding us of Barthes’s punctum. It will be necessary to revisit the genre of still lives which, though immobile, may be endowed with movement, as is the case with Sam Taylor-Wood’s videos. Or with one of Gabriel Josipovici’s novels which gives pride of place to a still life painting. It will be easy to see then how the ekphrastic moment operates a dis-timing of the text caught-up between stillness and motion. This is the moment when the “reading event” (Louis Marin) happens to the reader, when an image abruptly rises from between the lines, producing “the pictorial third”, the very stuff which visual presence is made of

    Les voix du voir : illusions d’optique et reflets sonores

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    In this paper I propose to prolong the series of questions I addressed concerning reflection, in both senses of the term, in the mirror. I offer a slight variation in concentrating on the reflecting powers of a water mirror and the reflections it sends back to a receptive subject. Thus, I can explore the possible links between the visual and the short story, examining the existence of a structural link between the two as posited by Valerie Shaw. By so doing, the word/image relationship (the image as generator of fiction
 or silence) is viewed from a new angle. The questions being: what type of discourse is thus activated? To what extent does the short story, particularly one of Virginia Woolf's stories –“The Fascination of the Pool“– offer another approach to the word/image relationship

    Changing/Unchanging Landscapes: Stanley Spencer’s “Peculiarly English” Landscapes

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    Stanley Spencer a toujours manifestĂ© un attachement profond pour les paysages anglais et en particulier pour celui de Cookham, son village natal du Berkshire qu’il appelait son paradis. Toute sa vie, il peignit des paysages de campagne. Bien qu’il dĂ»t souvent le faire pour des motifs Ă©conomiques, il aimait cependant s’asseoir en plein air pour peindre sur le motif. La production de paysages de Spencer est complexe et paradoxale. On peut distinguer dans son Ɠuvre deux façons trĂšs diffĂ©rentes de peindre le paysage. Tout d’abord, Cookham, la Tamise, le village, le cimetiĂšre visible dans la cĂ©lĂšbre RĂ©surrection conservĂ©e Ă  la Tate, fournissent l’arriĂšre-plan de ses figures d’imagination « distordues » et fiĂ©vreuses. D’autre part, des paysages, des fleurs, des natures mortes, sont peints sans figures. Il s’agit lĂ  souvent d’Ɠuvres de commande. Elles Ă©voquent la maniĂšre des prĂ©raphaĂ©lites (abondance de dĂ©tails, couleurs vives). Elles correspondent aussi Ă  un regain d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour le jardin anglais. La sĂ©rie d’émissions de la BBC diffusĂ©es en 1929, dĂ©diĂ©e au « caractĂšre national », reflĂ©tait le goĂ»t pour le « cottage culturel » selon Osbert Lancaster. Les tableaux de « cottages », de landes, de la vallĂ©e de la Tamise, de villages enfouis au creux de collines, sont travaillĂ©s dans une maniĂšre rĂ©aliste trĂšs dĂ©taillĂ©e, celle qu’affectionaient les collectionneurs. Je m’attacherai Ă  observer les deux maniĂšres de paysages de Spencer et j’analyserai dans quelle mesure ses paysages participĂšrent d’une aspiration toute nostalgique Ă  un monde qui disparaissait rapidement. On en trouve des Ă©quivalents littĂ©raires chez E.M. Forster par exemple et sa cĂ©lĂ©bration d’une « Angleterre verte et Ă©ternelle » (Abinger Harvest). La vision idĂ©alisĂ©e d’un village anglais entretenue par Country Life fut plus tard remise en scĂšne dans des sĂ©ries tĂ©lĂ©visĂ©es comme Miss Marple, Downton Abbey ou Inspector Morse.Stanley Spencer strongly felt for the English landscape and in particular for Cookham, his native village in Berkshire, which he called his “heaven”. He kept painting rural landscapes all his life. Although he often had to do so as a potboiler, he did enjoy sitting out painting in the open, watching and relishing the view. Spencer’s landscape “production” is complex and paradoxical. Two very different modes of landscape painting can be descried. First, Cookham, the Thames, the village, its churchyard, such as in the famous Tate Resurrection, provide the backdrop for his favourite imaginative “distorted” figure paintings. Very surprising is the other part of his production dedicated to landscapes, flowers, and still life paintings. These were often the result of commissions. They are reminiscent of the Pre-Raphaelites’ manner (with a lot of details and brilliant colours). They also corresponded to a renewal of interest in the English garden. This was also attuned to the English Heritage series broadcast in 1929 by the BBC and devoted to the “national character”, reflecting the taste for “the cultural cottage” (Osbert Lancaster). The paintings of cottages, moors, Thames valley sites, villages tucked down hillsides, are rendered in a highly detailed realistic manner, a favourite of collectors’. This study will focus on Spencer’s two “manners” and analyse the extent to which his landscapes contributed to the fashioning of a nostalgic yearning for a quickly disappearing world also celebrated in E.M. Forster’s taste for “England green and eternal” (Abinger Harvest) for instance. The idealized vision of an English village promoted by Country Life was also after all re-captured in such TV popular productions as the Miss Marple series, Downton Abbey, or Inspector Morse

    "The Writer's Field: Patrols of the Imagination" John McGahern's Short Stories

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    Les nouvelles de McGahern construisent un monde imaginaire paradoxalement ancrĂ© dans une rĂ©alitĂ© des plus banales. L'Ă©criture, elle, l'est moins, lorsqu'on y regarde de prĂšs. FidĂšle Ă  la dĂ©finition qu'il a donnĂ©e de son travail, dans "The Image" McGahern part de l'image qui structure son Ɠuvre. Le pouvoir de l'imaginaire repose sur un travail de mĂ©moire comme source d'inspiration. A cela s'ajoutent le rĂŽle du rythme et la sonoritĂ© d'une voix qui s'entend rĂ©sonant depuis l'intĂ©rieur du texte. C'est ce cĂŽtĂ© conteur qui fait aussi des nouvelles de McGahern un rĂ©gal pour l'oreille et montre en mĂȘme temps comment la nouvelle est un genre hybride oscillant entre le narratif, le poĂ©tique et le thĂ©Ăątral.McGahern's short stories build up an imaginary world paradoxically anchored in a very banal reality. The medium is less banal when one closely looks at it. As he declared in "The Image,” McGahern starts from a founding image. The power of imagination rests on a reworking of memory as source of inspiration. But one must not forget the importance of the rhythm and the texture of a voice which can be heard from within the text. McGahern's stories are the work of a born story-teller, they also show to what extent the short story is a hybrid genre oscillating between narration, poetry and drama

    Introduction

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    John McGahern's work has dominated the Irish literary landscape for almost forty years. First rendered famous by his first novel The Barracks, the writer then underwent the painful process of censorship and self-imposed exile after the banning of The Dark. If the following novels, The Leavetaking, The Pornographer and Amongst Women have aroused increasing interest in his work and attracted praise and controversy, the three collections of short stories, Nightlines(1970), Getting Through (1978)..
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