Collapsing methods results for most significant loci in stage 2.

<p>Collapsing methods results for most significant loci in stage 2.</p

Flow chart of the variant selection process.

<p>Flow chart of the variant selection process.</p

COPD association results in stage 1 and 2 for lung function sentinel variants analysed in stage 2.

<p>COPD association results in stage 1 and 2 for lung function sentinel variants analysed in stage 2.</p

Distributions of raw PRT copy number (top) and maximum likelihod integer copy number (bottom) for Gedling (right) and LRC (left) cohorts.

<p>Distributions of raw PRT copy number (top) and maximum likelihod integer copy number (bottom) for Gedling (right) and LRC (left) cohorts.</p

Sample selection for association analyses in Gedling and LRC.

<p>The sampling frame for each cohort is shown centrally with the COPD and asthma association analysis sample subsets indicated above and below for each cohort.</p

Association of DEFB with lung function, asthma and COPD in LRC and Gedling.

<p>P = 0.043 if maximum likelihood DEFB integer copy numbers used ^#controls for each analysis as defined in the method.</p

Characteristics of Gedling and replication COPD cases and controls.

<p>Characteristics of Gedling and replication COPD cases and controls.</p

Characteristics of Gedling and LRC individuals included in the study.

<p>Individuals with % predicted FEV₁<80% and FEV₁/FVC<0.7 (GOLD stage 2 cases) excluded from cases and controls. ^#Characteristics of cases and controls are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084192#pone-0084192-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

DEFB copy number in LRC asthma-ICS cases and controls.

<p>DEFB copy number in LRC asthma-ICS cases and controls.</p

<i>GSTCD</i> and <i>INTS12</i> gene expression is altered following exposure of HASM cells to TGFβ1.

<p>Human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells were exposed to 10ng/ml TGFβ1 for 4 or 24 hours. Open bars depict <i>GSTCD</i> expression whereas black bars show <i>INTS12</i> expression. Values shown are mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) (n=5). Significant increases in both <i>GSTCD</i> and <i>INTS12</i> gene expression were observed following 24h exposure to TGFβ1 (<i>P</i><0.05 <i>GSTCD</i>, <i>P</i><0.01 <i>INTS12</i>) and after 4h TGFβ1 exposure in <i>INTS12</i> expression (<i>P</i><0.05).</p