Modelled average growth rate (<i>λ</i>) and mean extinction probability (<i>E;</i> in %) to 2099 across all populations of each sedentary grazer species under model scenarios 20C, B1 and A2. SD stands for standard deviation.

<p>Modelled average growth rate (<i>λ</i>) and mean extinction probability (<i>E;</i> in %) to 2099 across all populations of each sedentary grazer species under model scenarios 20C, B1 and A2. SD stands for standard deviation.</p

Model generation of <i>D_t</i>₊₁ at each time step, where R is a random number sampled from a uniform distribution, and ‘ddt’ and ‘nddt’ correspond to the ‘drought distance threshold’ and the ‘non-drought distance threshold’ respectively.

<p>Model generation of <i>D_t</i>₊₁ at each time step, where R is a random number sampled from a uniform distribution, and ‘ddt’ and ‘nddt’ correspond to the ‘drought distance threshold’ and the ‘non-drought distance threshold’ respectively.</p

R-squared values (and respective standard deviations) between observed and modelled abundance for all populations of sedentary grazer species.

<p>R-squared values (and respective standard deviations) between observed and modelled abundance for all populations of sedentary grazer species.</p

Number of consecutive months of the preceding year in which <i>q<</i><i>θ</i> (<b><i>C</i></b>) as a predictor of growth rates (<i>r</i>) for all sedentary, grazing or mixed feeding species (4 species, n = 148).

<p>Number of consecutive months of the preceding year in which <i>q<</i><i>θ</i> (<b><i>C</i></b>) as a predictor of growth rates (<i>r</i>) for all sedentary, grazing or mixed feeding species (4 species, n = 148).</p