2 research outputs found

    The validity of Photogrammetric Osteological Analysis for Sex traits of Historic Crania

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    A poster presented at the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (BABAO) conference 2016 at University of Kent.<div>A study into the use of photogrammetry for osteological analysis of remains from the Mary Rose, and a comparison to the analysis of the corresponding real crania. </div><div>Four osteologists performed the study, examining 5 crania in the form of digital copies, and 5 different in the real, tactile format.</div><div>The results showed that photogrammetry could be used for most sex trait determinants, though the lack of tactile analysis was an issue for some features.</div><div>This study is part of a wider project that aims to analyse the use of photogrammetry for a number of cranial features, in addition to sex determination.</div

    Detection of chromosomal aneuploidy in ancient genomes.

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    Ancient DNA is a valuable tool for investigating genetic and evolutionary history that can also provide detailed profiles of the lives of ancient individuals. In this study, we develop a generalised computational approach to detect aneuploidies (atypical autosomal and sex chromosome karyotypes) in the ancient genetic record and distinguish such karyotypes from contamination. We confirm that aneuploidies can be detected even in low-coverage genomes ( ~ 0.0001-fold), common in ancient DNA. We apply this method to ancient skeletal remains from Britain to document the first instance of mosaic Turner syndrome (45,X0/46,XX) in the ancient genetic record in an Iron Age individual sequenced to average 9-fold coverage, the earliest known incidence of an individual with a 47,XYY karyotype from the Early Medieval period, as well as individuals with Klinefelter (47,XXY) and Down syndrome (47,XY, + 21). Overall, our approach provides an accessible and automated framework allowing for the detection of individuals with aneuploidies, which extends previous binary approaches. This tool can facilitate the interpretation of burial context and living conditions, as well as elucidate past perceptions of biological sex and people with diverse biological traits
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