3,544 research outputs found
Theory of the Exciton-Phonon Coupling
The effect of electron-phonon interactions on optical absorption spectra
requires a special treatment in materials with strong electron-hole
interactions. We conceptualize these effects as exciton-phonon coupling.
Through phonon absorption and emission, the optically accessible excitons are
scattered into dark finite-momentum exciton states. We derive a practical
expression for the exciton-phonon self-energy that relates to the temperature
dependence of the optical transitions and their broadening. This expression
differs qualitatively from previous approximated expressions found in
literature
Making Massless Dirac Fermions from Patterned Two-Dimensional Electron Gases
Analysis of the electronic structure of an ordinary two-dimensional electron
gas (2DEG) under an appropriate external periodic potential of hexagonal
symmetry reveals that massless Dirac fermions are generated near the corners of
the supercell Brillouin zone. The required potential parameters are found to be
achievable under or close to laboratory conditions. Moreover, the group
velocity is tunable by changing either the effective mass of the 2DEG or the
lattice parameter of the external potential, and it is insensitive to the
potential amplitude. The finding should provide a new class of systems other
than graphene for investigating and exploiting massless Dirac fermions using
2DEGs in semiconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, significant revision of abstract, text, and
figure
First-principles DFT+GW study of oxygen vacancies in rutile TiO2
We perform first-principles calculations of the quasiparticle defect states,
charge transition levels, and formation energies of oxygen vacancies in rutile
titanium dioxide. The calculations are done within the recently developed
combined DFT+GW formalism, including the necessary electrostatic corrections
for the supercells with charged defects. We find the oxygen vacancy to be a
negative U defect, where U is the defect electron addition energy. For the
values of Fermi level below 2.8 eV (relative to the valence band maximum) we
find the +2 charge state of the vacancy to be the most stable, while above 2.8
eV we find that the neutral charge state is the most stable
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