Transcriptomics and the mediterranean diet: A systematic review

The Mediterranean diet has been proven to be highly effective in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and in decreasing overall mortality. Nowadays, transcriptomics is gaining particular relevance due to the existence of non-coding RNAs capable of regulating many biological processes. The present work describes a systematic review of current evidence supporting the influence of the Mediterranean diet on transcriptomes of different tissues in various experimental models. While information on regulatory RNA is very limited, they seem to contribute to the effect. Special attention has been given to the oily matrix of virgin olive oil. In this regard, monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets prevented the expression of inflammatory genes in different tissues, an action also observed after the administration of olive oil phenolic compounds. Among these, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and secoiridoids have been found to be particularly effective in cell cycle expression. Less explored terpenes, such as oleanolic acid, are important modulators of circadian clock genes. The wide range of studied tissues and organisms indicate that response to these compounds is universal and poses an important level of complexity considering the different genes expressed in each tissue and the number of different tissues in an organism

Design of a precision compactor for use in guided bone regeneration in the area of oral surgery

During the processes of guided bone regeneration in the maxillary bones, which aim to recover or preserve support tissue for the placement of implants on which dental prostheses are retained, the use of various particulate graft biomaterials from different sources (animal or synthetic) is standardized. At present, the pressure of compaction of this material in the recipient bone is manual, dependent on the clinician, although there is some scientific evidence on the effects of different compressive forces on angiogenesis and prognosis of the regeneration of the grafted areas. The aim of the present study is to design, calibrate and verify in vitro a compaction instrument for clinical use, which allows a controlled and precise compaction pressure of the particulate graft biomaterial and standardize the procedure. The designed instrument is a precision compactor of adequate size for proper intra and extraoral clinical manageability and manufactured in a sterilizable material by autoclaving. The range of compression that allows (0 -1, 82 Newton), is within the forces that are commonly applied in surgery and that have been determined by a specific test on 8 oral surgeons. Instrument calibration has been performed by an independent accredited company. The testing of the instrument was carried out by an in vitro test where the biomaterial was compacted at different forces (0, 80 and 1, 82 Newton) and was observed by a computerized micro-tomography that when increasing the compression force, decreased the space between particles provided for the migration and proliferation of new blood vessels and cells. Durante los procedimientos de regeneración ósea guiada en los huesos maxilares, que tienen como objetivo recuperar o preservar tejido de soporte para la colocación de implantes sobre los que se retienen las prótesis dentales, está estandarizado el uso de diversos biomateriales de injerto particulado de diferente procedencia (animal o sintético). En la actualidad la presión de compactación de dicho material en el hueso receptor es manual, clínico dependiente, pese a que existe cierta evidencia científica sobre los efectos de las diferentes fuerzas de compresión en la angiogénesis y pronóstico de la regeneración de las zonas injertadas. El objetivo del presente estudio es el de diseñar, calibrar y comprobar in vitro un instrumento de compactación para uso clínico, que permita una presión de compactación controlada y precisa del biomaterial de injerto particulado y estandarizar el procedimiento. El instrumento diseñado es un compactador de precisión de tamaño adecuado para una correcta manejabilidad clínica intra y extraoral y fabricado en un material esterilizable por autoclavado. El rango de compresión que permite (0 – 1, 82 Newton), está dentro de las fuerzas que se aplican comúnmente en cirugía y que se han determinado mediante una prueba específica sobre 8 cirujanos orales. La calibración del instrumento se ha realizado por una empresa acreditada independiente. La comprobación del instrumento se ha realizado mediante un ensayo in vitro donde se compactó el biomaterial a diferentes fuerzas (0, 80 y 1, 82 Newton) y se observó mediante micro-tomografía computerizada que al aumentar la fuerza de compresión disminuía el espacio entre partículas provisto para la migración y proliferación de los nuevos vasos sanguíneos y células