1,362 research outputs found
Collisional interaction limits between dark matters and baryons in `cooling flow' clusters
Presuming weak collisional interactions to exchange the kinetic energy
between dark matter and baryonic matter in a galaxy cluster, we re-examine the
effectiveness of this process in several `cooling flow' galaxy clusters using
available X-ray observations and infer an upper limit on the heavy dark matter
particle (DMP)proton cross section . With a relative
collisional velocity dependent power-law form of where , our inferred upper
limit is \sigma_0/m_{\rm x}\lsim 2\times10^{-25} {\rm cm}^2 {\rm GeV}^{-1}
with being the DMP mass. Based on a simple stability analysis of
the thermal energy balance equation, we argue that the mechanism of
DMPbaryon collisional interactions is unlikely to be a stable
nongravitational heating source of intracluster medium (ICM) in inner core
regions of `cooling flow' galaxy clusters.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS accepte
MemantiÂnium chloride 0.1-hydrate
The crystal structure of the title compound, C12H22N+·Cl−·0.1H2O, consists of (3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantyl)ammonium chloride (memantiÂnium chloride) and uncoordinated water molÂecules. The four six-membered rings of the memantiÂnium cation assume typical chair conformations. The Cl− counter-anion links with the memantiÂnium cation via N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding, forming channels where the disordered crystal water molecules are located. The O atom of the water molÂecule is located on a threefold rotation axis, its two H atoms symmetrically distributed over six sites; the water molÂecule links with the Cl− anions via O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding
Does Differential Privacy Prevent Backdoor Attacks in Practice?
Differential Privacy (DP) was originally developed to protect privacy.
However, it has recently been utilized to secure machine learning (ML) models
from poisoning attacks, with DP-SGD receiving substantial attention.
Nevertheless, a thorough investigation is required to assess the effectiveness
of different DP techniques in preventing backdoor attacks in practice. In this
paper, we investigate the effectiveness of DP-SGD and, for the first time in
literature, examine PATE in the context of backdoor attacks. We also explore
the role of different components of DP algorithms in defending against backdoor
attacks and will show that PATE is effective against these attacks due to the
bagging structure of the teacher models it employs. Our experiments reveal that
hyperparameters and the number of backdoors in the training dataset impact the
success of DP algorithms. Additionally, we propose Label-DP as a faster and
more accurate alternative to DP-SGD and PATE. We conclude that while Label-DP
algorithms generally offer weaker privacy protection, accurate hyper-parameter
tuning can make them more effective than DP methods in defending against
backdoor attacks while maintaining model accuracy
ASIAM-HGNN: Automatic Selection and Interpretable Aggregation of Meta-Path Instances for Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network
In heterogeneous information network (HIN)-based applications, the existing methods usually use Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNN) to handle some complex tasks. However, these methods still have some shortcomings: 1) they manually pre-select some meta-paths and thus some important ones are missing, while the missing ones still contains the information and features of the node in the entire graph structure; and 2) they have no high interpretability since they do not consider the logical sequences in an HIN. In order to deal with them, we propose ASIAM-HGNN: a heterogeneous graph neural network combined with the automatic selection and interpretable aggregation of meta-path instances. Our model can automatically filter important meta paths for each node, while preserving the logical sequence between nodes, so as to solve the problems existing in other models. A group of experiments are conducted on real-world datasets, and the results demonstrate that the models learned by our method have a better performance in most of task scenarios
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