Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for AUDIT+.

<p>Unadjusted and adjusted ROC curves were generated for (A) Ethyl Stearate, (B) Ethyl Linoleate, (C) OLL and (D) OLL + Stearate. The Y axis denotes Sensitivity and the X axis denotes 1- Specificity. The red line denotes the unadjusted curve and the blue line denotes the curve adjusted for gestational age, maternal smoking and illicit drug use. A green diagonal reference line (line of no discrimination) corresponds to an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.5.</p

Combinations of FAEEs in placental tissue.

<p>The Y axis represents the placental FAEE combinations (μg/gm dry weight in logarithmic scale) of OLL (Panels A and B) and OLL + Stearate (Panels C and D) while the X axis denotes maternal drinking groups. The box plots depict the median line and the first and third quartiles are represented by the lower and upper box edge, respectively. The whiskers indicate the smallest and largest values measured with outliers depicted by a small circle. * denotes p ≤ 0.05 AUDIT+ versus Non-Drinker.</p

Analysis of Adjusted ROC Curves for AUDIT+.

<p>AUC- area under curve; PPV- positive predictive value; NPV-negative predictive value.</p><p>Analysis of Adjusted ROC Curves for AUDIT+.</p

Associations between residential proximity to a major roadway (<417 meters [N = 56] versus >417 meters [N = 168]) and primary and secondary outcomes in asthmatic children.

1<p>Adjusted for payor status (private insurance versus Medicaid), race (white versus non-white), parental history of asthma (yes versus no), environmental tobacco smoke exposure at least one day per week (yes versus no), and history of gastroesophageal reflux (yes versus no).</p>2<p>Defined as a hospital stay ≥24 hours.</p

Deaerated breath pH in children with a residential proximity (A) within 417 meters (<417 meters, n = 25; >417 meters, n = 99) and (B) within 150 meters (<150 meters, n = 10; >150 meters, n = 114) of a major roadway.

<p>Whiskers represent the 10^th to 90^th percentile and dots represent individual data points. Significance testing was adjusted for payor status, race, parental history of asthma, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and gastroesophageal reflux.</p

Plasma epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations in children with a residential proximity (A) within 417 meters (<417 meters, n = 26; >417 meters, n = 91) and (B) within 150 meters (<150 meters, n = 10; >150 meters, n = 108) of a major roadway.

<p>Whiskers represent the 10^th to 90^th percentile and dots represent individual data points. Significance testing was adjusted for payor status, race, parental history of asthma, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and gastroesophageal reflux.</p

Associations between residential proximity to a major roadway (<150 meters [N = 18] versus >150 meters [N = 206]) and outcomes in asthmatic children identified through exploratory analyses.

1<p>Adjusted for payor status (private insurance versus Medicaid), race (white versus non-white), parental history of asthma (yes versus no), environmental tobacco smoke exposure at least one day per week (yes versus no), and history of gastroesophageal reflux (yes versus no).</p

Airway resistance (Raw) percent predicted values in children with a residential proximity (A) within 417 meters (<417 meters, n = 37; >417 meters, n = 96) and (B) within 150 meters (<150 meters, n = 17; >150 meters, n = 116) of a major roadway.

<p>Whiskers represent the 10^th to 90^th percentile and dots represent individual data points. Significance testing was adjusted for payor status, race, parental history of asthma, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and gastroesophageal reflux.</p

Features of the subjects according to residential proximity from a major roadway.

<p>Data represent the mean ± SD or the frequency (%).</p>1<p>Data were logarithmically transformed prior to statistical analysis.</p

Metabolic Consequences of Chronic Alcohol Abuse in Non-Smokers: A Pilot Study

<div><p>An alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory infection and injury and, upon hospitalization, higher mortality rates. Studies in model systems show effects of alcohol on mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and antioxidant systems. The present study applied high-resolution metabolomics to test for these changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of subjects with an AUD. Smokers were excluded to avoid confounding effects and compliance was verified by cotinine measurements. Statistically significant metabolic features, differentially expressed by control and AUD subjects, were identified by statistical and bioinformatic methods. The results show that fatty acid and acylcarnitine concentrations were increased in AUD subjects, consistent with perturbed mitochondrial and lipid metabolism. Decreased concentrations of methyl-donor compounds suggest altered one-carbon metabolism and oxidative stress. An accumulation of peptides suggests proteolytic activity, which could reflect altered epithelial barrier function. Two metabolites of possible microbial origin suggest subclinical bacterial infection. Furthermore, increased diacetylspermine suggests additional metabolic perturbations, which could contribute to dysregulated alveolar macrophage function and vulnerability to infection. Together, the results show an extended metabolic consequence of AUD in the bronchoalveolar space.</p></div