Understanding Intimate Partner Violence Service Delivery for Latinx Survivors in Rural Areas

Using a statewide survey, this exploratory, cross-sectional study examined 78 domestic violence (DV) service organizations? service delivery practices and perceived challenges to serving Latinx survivors in the context of rurality. Findings showed that DV organizations in rural areas perceived more challenges to delivering culturally appropriate services for Latinx survivors compared to those in other geographic settings even after accounting for client characteristics, service provision characteristics, and community resources. The study finding offers critical insights to ensure and enhance the provision of linguistically and culturally accessible services for rural Latinx survivors of intimate partner violence

Open Issues on the Synthesis of Evolved Stellar Populations at Ultraviolet Wavelengths

In this paper we briefly review three topics that have motivated our (and others') investigations in recent years within the context of evolutionary population synthesis techniques. These are: The origin of the FUV up-turn in elliptical galaxies, the age-metallicity degeneracy, and the study of the mid-UV rest-frame spectra of distant red galaxies. We summarize some of our results and present a very preliminary application of a UV grid of theoretical spectra in the analysis of integrated properties of aged stellar populations. At the end, we concisely suggest how these topics can be tackled once the World Space Observatory enters into operation in the midst of this decade.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science, UV Universe special issu

100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark.

Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales <sup>1-4</sup> . However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution <sup>5-7</sup> . Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet ( <sup>13</sup> C and <sup>15</sup> N content), mobility ( <sup>87</sup> Sr/ <sup>86</sup> Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use

Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia.

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene <sup>1-5</sup> . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Segregated sitcoms: Institutional causes of disparity among black and white comedy images and audiences

Throughout U.S. television history, comedy has been the narrative form to first offer representations of those aspects of society outside of the hegemonic norm. Situation comedies offered some of the first portrayals of working women, gay and lesbian characters, and non-White characters, because sitcoms could both introduce and contain content and ideas within their twentythree minutes of narrative time and because laughter softens difficult issues. By the end of television's first fifty years, women had achieved diverse and complex representation in a variety of genres, and sophisticated gay and lesbian characters began to find a presence in dramas as well as comedies; yet, stories about people of color, particularly Asian Americans and Latino/as, mostly remained limited to comedic fare. African American characters have been somewhat plentiful in various eras of sitcom history, yet fairly monolithic in their characterization, with clear trends emerging in certain periods. Some argue the Black sitcom exists as a distinctive subgeneric form, although defining features of the Black sitcom beyond the presence of Black actors remain contested and varied (Means Coleman). Much of the debate and controversy about the form has resulted from the need for these sitcoms to address both White and African American audiences throughout most of U.S. television history, forcing Black sitcoms to "walk a thin line to attract White Americans while not alienating African Americans" (Havens 37). Many scholars have delimited and analyzed the complicated history of the Black sitcom, and while their analysis is too extensive to recount here, their critical perspectives greatly inform the situation of the late 1990s that I consider (see Bogle; Gray; Hamamoto; Havens; Means Coleman; Riggs). The multiplication of distribution outlets, beginning with cable in the 1980s and later broadcast networks such as FOX (1986), The WB (1996), and UPN (1996), reduced the imperative for Black sitcoms to appeal to both African American and White audiences. The spread of audience share from three broadcast networks to a multitude of cable networks allowed the development of series specifically hailing the Black audience, a strategy particularly viable for emerging broadcast networks in their first years, such as FOX in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and The WB and UPN in the late 1990s. As a result of this more particularized address, the more established networks (NBC, CBS, ABC) gradually reduced their use of series designed to attract an ethnically mixed audience and instead developed comedy series with overwhelmingly White casts (Seinfeld, Friends, Frasier). As reports of "segregation" in comedy audiences became increasingly frequent, these competitive industrial practices had clear effects on comedy audiences, (Freeman; "Gap Between"; Poniewozik; "Study Shows"; "Who's Watching"). This chapter explores the institutional and formal causes of comedic audience segregation in the 1990s and examines one series as a case study in order to expose the industrial practices that lead to ethnically bifurcated series and audiences. The case of For Your Love is an anomaly in many aspects, but it illustrates how ironclad the rules may be. For Your Love premiered as a midseason replacement on NBC in March 1998. In the series' eight episode run it slipped from a 9.3 rating/15 share, to a 6.7 rating/11 share and fell from placing second in its time slot and twenty-fifth for the week, to fourth in the time slot and sixty-third for the week.1 This ratings performance ended its run on NBC, but emerging network The WB (owned by Warner Bros., the company that produced For Your Love) purchased the series for the 1998-99 season and continued it through the spring of 2002. For Your Love is not only atypical in its two-network history, it is also one of the few recent sitcoms to feature Black and White characters in lead roles. The series depicts three couples at different stages of "couplehood." The multiethnic ensemble includes: Dean and Sheri, a White couple, married five yea s, who were childhood sweethearts; Mel and Malena, African American newlyweds who are friends with Dean and Sheri and move in next door in a Chicago suburb; and Reggie (Mel's brother) and Bobbi, both African American, as a somewhat commitment- phobic dating couple, who marry, then divorce in the series' last season. Considering For Your Love as a case study creates a complex context for analyzing the institutional causes of segregated viewing, as the ethnically integrated cast defines the series as different from most comedy series. The disparate promotional and scheduling strategies used by NBC and The WB reveal the process through which programmers define the intended audience for television programs. The underlying goal of this chapter, then, is to explore how institutional practices, such as scheduling, promotion, executive corps, demographic imperatives, and the competitive environment, lead to dichotomous audience segregation in sitcom viewing. © 2005 State University of New York. All rights reserved

Using 'network' theory in the postnetwork era: Fictional 9/11 US television discourse as a 'cultural forum'

It is likely that the appliance known as 'television' is too multifaceted, broad and contradictory ever to be understood as a coherent entity, despite efforts to theorize it as such. Shifts over the past two decades in the industrial operation, technological form and breadth of content of the box that is simultaneously a mere appliance and a cultural arbiter have appropriately inspired new reflections and retheorization. Whether described as a transition from a classical network system to a post- network era - as has been the dominant conversation in the USA - or theorized as a transition from an era of scarcity through one of availability to one of plenty, as suggested by one recent British work, 1 there appears to be agreement that the object of study is shifting in significant ways. These changes in television as an object of inquiry necessitate reassessment of the theoretical lenses through which we have viewed this significant industrial, technological and cultural artefact

Trade off between costs and environmental effects of weed control on pavements

An actor-participative project on sustainable weed control on pavements was started in 2000 in the Netherlands. The aim of the project was to develop a new concept of weed management that provides cost-effective and environmentally sound weed control. Early in 2002, practical guidelines were drawn up in support of decision making by managers of pavements, and weed control contractors. The guidelines are focused mainly on reduction of herbicide use and emission thereof. The new concept was tested in 2002 and 2003 in nine Dutch municipalities on defined urban areas of 5-25 ha, which formed units from a construction, hydrology and management point of view. Use of herbicides (mainly glyphosate) was reduced by 11-66% compared to standard practice. Levels of weed control remained good and ecological threshold concentrations in surface waters were not exceeded. Monitoring showed a glyphosate emission factor via the sewage water system of 2% on average. Costs of weed control with the new concept were higher (10-25%) compared to the standard practice control of weeds (using herbicides) on pavements, but much lower compared to alternative (non-herbicide) weed control systems. It is concluded that the new concept provides a useful framework for finding a good trade off between economical and ecological aspects of weed control on pavements

Television's transition to the Internet: Disability accessibility and broadband-based TV in Australia

Whereas entertainment has featured negatively in the broader NBN debate currently occurring in Australia, within the disability sector it has been recognised as revolutionary. Government, industry and technical analysts describe digital television, particularly that delivered via broadband, as potentially enabling to people with vision and hearing impairments through the more widespread provision of accessibility features such as audio description and closed captions. This article interrogates the approach to accessibility taken by two case studies of broadband-based television: Netflix and catch-up TV. Netflix, which is not officially available in Australia, is often presented as the future of television, while catch-up services provide an example of the current broadband-based television paradigm in this country. Although accessibility features may be available on broadcast television or DVD release, each of these forms of broadband-based television has either previously (Netflix) or currently (catch-up) stripped accessible functions to stream online. The discussion reflects on both activist interventions of people with disability and the industry standards