De la minorité nationale à l'ethnicité périphérique: Les Magyarophones de la Transcarpathie (Ukraine)

En Europe centrale et orientale, les statistiques démographiques, l'historiographie et l'ethnographie distinguent par le terme de " minorité nationale " des groupes ethniques, habitant souvent des zones frontalières qui possèdent des semblables - de même ethnie et de même langue - construits en États-nations, généralement limitrophes. Ces groupes sont pour la plupart issus des traités de paix qui ont mis fin aux deux guerres mondiales et ont eu pour conséquence de multiples déplacements de population et un redécoupage des frontières étatiques. Les Magyarophones de la Transcarpathie ukrainienne constituent l'exemple emblématique d'une telle collectivité ethnique dont la loyauté politico-juridique (citoyenneté) et la loyauté nationale (ethno-culturelle) ne se recouvrent pas. Ce texte, issu d'une recherche anthropologique de terrain en cours, analyse dans son contexte historique et sociologique les recompositions identitaires dans ce groupe, liées aux transformations géopolitiques récentes, comme la fin du régime communiste en Hongrie, concomitante à l'indépendance de l'Ukraine et le nouveau statut de la frontière hungaro-ukrainienne, en tant que frontière de l'espace Schengen. Les aléas des nouveaux rapports avec les deux États " tutélaires ", portés par une nouvelle élite locale, reconfigurent les relations du groupe avec son territoire et son histoire. Loin de l'ancrer dans une identité de " minorité nationale ", nostalgique de son motherland, ces changements dessinent, au contraire, les contours d'une nouvelle ethnicité périphérique

Szinergista és antagonista immunmechanizmusok felnőttkori akut súlyos asthmában. Kísérletes és klinikai vizsgálatok. = Acute exacerbations of asthma in adults. Experimental and clinical studies of synergistic and antagonistic immune mechanisms

Terhesség alatt asthma bronchialeban kulminálódó T lymphocyta proliferáció alakul ki. A felszaporodó T sejtek fenotípus tekintetében döntően IFNgamma termelők és ezek száma a perifériás vérben szignifikáns inverz összefüggést mutat a kilégzési csúcsáramlással és az újszülött születési súlyával. Endotoxin expozíció hatására a kísérletes allergiás légúti gyulladás súlyosbodik és szisztémás szteroid kezelésre refrakterré válik. Létrehoztunk egy szteroid refrakter asthma modellt. Az új, szelektív iNOS inhibitor 1400W blokkolja a légúti hyperreaktivitást akkor is, ha az szteroid refrakter. Histaminhiányos egértörzsben kísérletes allergiás asthma enyhébbé válik, kisebb a légúti hyperreaktivitás és a légutak celluláris gyulladása is. A histamin tehát nemcsak egyik mediátora a bronchoconstrictionak, hanem a pathogenezis korai lépéseihez is hozzájárul. A légútak allergizálása nemcsak Th2-es típusú cytokinek és chemokinek, hanem Th1-es típusúak fokozott képződését is maga után vonta. Más kísérleteinkben a postischaemiás akut veseelégtelenség (shock-vese modell) kialakulásában a VEGF és az IL-6 szerepét vizsgáltuk. Igazoltuk, hogy a postischaemiás vesében fokozódik a VEGF fehérjeszint anélkül, hogy a VEGF mRNS tartalom is növekedne. Egyúttal a renalis IL-6 szintézis is jelentősen növekedett és mivel az IL-6 elősegíti a VEGF posttranszkripciós képződés fokozódását, e két intrarenalis szignálnak kapcsolata lehet egymással és a vese postischaemiás regenerációjával. | Culminating T lymphocytosis develops during pregnancy in asthmatic women. Proliferating T cells are those synthesizing IFNgamma, the number of which shows significant inverse correlation with peak exspiratory flow and body weight of the newborn. Exposure to endotoxin exaggerates allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In addition, these features become refractory to steroid treatment. A model of steroid resistant asthma has been established. The new, selective inhibitor of iNOS, 1400W successfully reversed airway hyperresponsiveness even if it was refractory to dexamethasone. Experimental allergic asthma is alleviated by genetic deficiency of histamine as indicated by reduced cellular inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Thus, histamine is an important early mediator during the development of allergic inflammation of the airways. In this study it was also documented that allergic airway inflammation was associated with a mixed (T2+T1) phenotype of cytokine and chemokine synthesis. In other experiments it was shown that the formation of VEGF and IL-6 were increased in the postischemic kidney (a model of the human shock-kidney). These signals have not been known earlier in this model and may contribute to the postischemic regeneration of the kidney

Matchings and Canonical Forms for Symmetric Tensors

AbstractLetVbe aq-dimensional vector space. Fix a setBofq(q−1) monomials inSp(V) of the formxIwhereik>0 for allk. The generic element ofSp(V) is conjugate under a suitable linear transformation to an element with support off ofB. We prove this by showing the existence of a perfect matching with a unique weight in a certain weighted bipartite graph. Such a perfect matching corresponds to the non-vanishing of an appropriate determinant

Nivolumab-Induced Ulcerative Keratitis-A Case Report

PURPOSE: To describe a case of nivolumab-induced ulcerative keratitis rapidly recovering on topical steroid treatment and to determine changes in cytokine levels in the tear fluid caused by nivolumab. METHODS: We report a 34-year-old man receiving nivolumab for metastasized melanoma with severe dry eye symptoms and a persistent corneal epithelial defect. Levels of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase in tear fluid were measured by multiplex immunoassays. RESULTS: The corneal epithelial defect failed to recover for antiviral and lubrication therapy but resolved within 48 hours after topical steroid therapy was initiated. No recurrence of corneal ulceration was observed with intermittent topical steroid therapy during the remaining period of nivolumab treatment. No Sjögren disease-related autoantibodies were detected in the patient's serum. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in the tear fluid were markedly elevated after nivolumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that nivolumab treatment induces a local autoimmune ocular surface disorder resulting in corneal ulceration that promptly resolves using steroid eye drops. The integrity of the corneal epithelial layer can be sustained using intermittent topical steroid therapy in patients receiving nivolumab

Male gender predisposes to development of endotoxic shock in the rat

Objective: After intravenous (i.v.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) macrophages release nitric oxide (NO) due to the expression of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS). After LPS NO is abundantly produced also in the cardiovascular system and may contribute to the development of hypotension and shock. Since the immune response, the synthesis of NO and the regulation of blood pressure (BP) differ between males and females, in the present study the effect of LPS on BP, renal function, the plasma and urinary concentration of the metabolites of NO as well as the splenic and aortic expression of the iNOS gene were compared between male and female rats. Methods: BP and renal function were measured in anesthetized rats following the i.v. injection of LPS (E. coli, 4 mg/kg). The NOx and NOx (metabolites of NO=NOx) concentration was measured by the Griess reaction. The iNOS gene expression was studied by RT-PCR. Results: Four hours after LPS, BP of males (n=9) was reduced by 63+/-12 mmHg versus 10+/-4 in females (n=7, P<0.005). Aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of iNOS, prevented the reduction of BP in males. The plasma concentration of NOx (P-NOx, mu M) was lower in hypotensive males (128+/-20) than in normotensive females (235+/-29, P<0.005). Males also exhibited lower urinary NO, excretion (UNOxV) after LPS (P<0.001 vs, females). Prior castration of males provided protection against hypotension (fall of BP: -4+/-4 mmHg, n=6, P<0.02 versus males) and resulted in higher P-NOx as well as UNOxV (both P<0.001 versus males and not different from females). Prior ovariectomy (n=5) had no influence on the hemodynamic and NOx response to LPS. Male rats displayed enhanced aortic iNOS/beta-actin ratio relative to females after LPS (n=3 in each group, P<0.05). Conclusions: (1) Male gender may sensitize to LPS-induced shock and (2) sensitivity of males to endotoxin is associated with an attenuated, not exaggerated total rate of NO synthesis