Cultural differences in intimacy: The influence of gender-role ideology and individualism-collectivism

Two studies examined emotional intimacy in European Canadian and Chinese Canadian dating relationships. Cultural differences in gender-role ideology and individualism–collectivism were hypothesized to differentially contribute to selfdisclosure and responsiveness, and in turn, intimacy. Study 1 revealed that Chinese Canadians’ lower intimacy relative to European Canadians was mediated by their greater gender-role traditionalism but not by their individualism or collectivism. Study 2 further linked greater gender-role traditionalism to lower self-disclosure, and in turn, lower intimacy. Results also revealed that Chinese Canadians’ lower intimacy mediated their lower relationship satisfaction and higher rate of relationship termination in Study 1, but that Chinese Canadians were not any more likely to terminate their relationships in Study 2

Docência e exaustão emocional Teaching and emotional exhaustion

Um estudo epidemiológico transversal com todos os 808 professores da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, encontrou elevadas prevalências de queixas de cansaço mental (70,1%) e de nervosismo (49,2%). Diversos fatores de risco associaram-se a cansaço mental e a nervosismo: idade >27 anos, ser mulher, ter filhos, escolaridade média, lecionar >5 anos, vínculo de trabalho estável, trabalho em zona urbana, carga horária semanal >35h, renda >360 reais, sobrecarga doméstica média/alta, não ter atividades de lazer, alta demanda no trabalho e baixo suporte social. A classificação do trabalho docente, segundo o Modelo Demanda-Controle de Karasek, revelou os quadrantes "baixa exigência" (40,3%) e "trabalho ativo" (39,7%), ambos com alto controle das atividades por parte dos professores. Professores em trabalho de "alta exigência" e "trabalho ativo" apresentaram prevalências de cansaço mental e de nervosismo mais elevadas que aqueles de "baixa exigência".<br>An epidemiological cross-sectional study among the 808 teachers from Vitória da Conquista, State of Bahia, Brazil, revealed that most of them complained of mental tiredness (70,1%) and nervousness (49,2%). Several risk factors were statistically associated with mental tiredness and nervousness: age > 27 years, being female, having children, having secondary education, teaching for >5 years, stable job, working in urban areas, weekly work hours e"35 hours, income > BRL 360 (&plusmn; USD 185), medium/high domestic overload, having no leisure activity, high psychological demand at work and low social support. According to Karasek's demand-control model, teachers' work was classified in the "low strain" (40.3%) and "active work" (39.7%) quadrants, both with high control of activities by teachers. Teachers with "high strain" and "active work" presented higher prevalence of mental tiredness and of nervousness than those with "low strain" jobs

Quality of Work Life: Theoretical and Methodological Problems, and Presentation of a New Model and Measuring Instrument

quality of work life, theoretical model, quality of life, systemic approach,

Family involvement and helping behaviour in teams

Helping behavior at work has become increasingly important, with organizations making more and more use of cooperative work practices. The difficulty is that employees are facing growing demands beyond the workplace. This study investigates the mechanisms by which family involvement (family structure, family tasks, family support) affects helping behavior in teams. Based on a sample of 495 team members, the results show that having a supportive partner and performing care tasks increase helping behavior via enhanced fulfillment and skills. Having young children is directly and negatively related to helping behavior. The authors also conducted separate analyses for men and women.