HUBUNGAN ANTARA IKAN INDIKATOR (CHAETODONTIDAE) DAN KONDISI KARANG DI PESISIR PULAU BIAK DAN KEPULAUAN PADAIDO

Tulisan ini membahas tentang keeratan hubungan antara ikan kepe-kepe terhadap kondisi terumbu karang. Kajian dilakukan di 13 titik pengamatan di wilayah pesisir Pulau Biak dan Kepulauan Padaido pada tahun 2007 yang merupakan bagian dari program Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program-Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Pada setiap titik pengamatan, metode transek garis (line intercept transek LIT) dipakai untuk mendapatkan data tentang kelimpahan (jumlah ikan atau specimen) dan keanekaragaman (jumlah jenis/species) ikan kepe-kepe serta kondisi karang (yang dikatakan dalam persentase tutupan karang hidup). Analisis regresi kemudian digunakan untuk mengetahui keeratan hubungan antara kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman ikan kepe-kepe terhadap kondisi karang. Dari hasil penelitian tersensus sejumlah 28 spesies ikan kepe-kepe (22 jenis dari marga Chaetodon, dua jenis marga Forcipiger, dan emapt jenis marga Heniocus) dengan kelimpahan total 661 individu (ekor). Kondisi persentase tutupan karang hidup berkisar antara 9,1-46,3% dengan nilai rata-rata 25,8% (terumbu dalam kondisi sedang). Dari 13 stasiun pengamatan, dua set data tidak digunakan karena terlalu tinggi. Plot antara kelimpahan (jumlah individu) ikan kepe-kepe sangat kuat berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman jenis (jumlah spesies) (R2=0,95). Kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman jenis ikan kepe-kepe juga berkorelasi cukup kuat terhadap kondisi karang (persen tutupan karang hidup). Dari total 28 spesies ikan kepe-kepe, tujuh spesies memiliki persen kehadiran (FA) > 50% dengan peringkat tertinggi mulai dari Chaetodon klenii, Chaetodon trifaciatus, Chaetodon vagabundus, Chaetodon rafflesii, Chaetodon trifacialis, Chaetodon baronessa, dan Chaetodon citrinellus, Beberapa dari spesies tersebut memiliki keeratan hubungan yang kuat dengan kondisi terumbu karang.This paper discusses about the relationship between the butterfly fish and the condition of coral reef. This study was conducted in 13 observation sites of Biak and Padaido Islands coastal zones in 2007 as a part of Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program-Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia programs. In each observation site, line intercept transect method was used to collect the abundance (number of fish or specimen) and the diversity (number of species) data of butterfly fishes and the reef condition (expressed as percentage of living coral covers). Regression analysis was then applied to Investigate the relationship between the abundance and diversity of butterfly fishes to the reef condition. The result shows that there are 28 butterfly fishes consisted of 22 species belong to genus Chaetodon, 2 species belong to Forcipiger, and 4 species belong to Heniocus recorded, with the total abundance of 661 fishes. The percentage of living coral covers ranged between 9.1 and 46.3% with an average of 25.8% (coral reef in medium condition). From 13 observation sites, 2 sites were excluded due to high bias. Plot between the abundance of butterfly fishes (number of fishes/specimen) and their diversity (number of species) shows very significant correlation (R2=0.95). The abundance and the diversity of butterfly fishes show also significant relationship with the coral reef condition (percentage of living coral covers). From 28 species, 7 species have high percentage of frequency with the highest rank to the lowest are Chaetodon klenii, Chaetodon trifaciatus, Chaetodon vagabundus, Chaetodon rafflesii, Chaetodon trifacialis, Chaetodon baronessa, and Chaetodon citrinellus. Among of those 7 individual species, some are strongly correlated with the percentage of living corals. Therefore, the concept or hypotheses that butterfly fish can be used as an indicator of the health of coral reef was  in this study. However, more deeper study that cover large geographical areas are needed to prove the validity of the above hypotheses

EFEKTIFKAH DAERAH PERLINDUNGAN LAUT (DPL)MENGKONSERVASI IKAN KARANG?STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN BIAK-NUMFOR DAN SUPIORI, PAPUA

 Sumber daya ikan karang (SDIK) dari salah satu ekosistem tropika wilayah pesisir yang sangat produktif, namun hingga kini belum diketahui stoknya, sehingga menyebabkan pengelolaan berkelanjutan sulit dilakukan,meskipun kawasan konservasi perikanan (Daerah Perlindungan Laut, DPL)sudah banyak didirikan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah mengetahui keefektifan DPL dalam konservasi SDIK di Kabupaten Biak-Numfor, dan Supiori melalui pembandingan stok SDIK dalam bentuk densitas ikan (ekor/m2) di DPL dan di luar DPL. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa SDIK (ikan Target, Indikator dan Mayor) menurun drastis hampir di semua lokasi kajian, akibat pemanfaatan yang tidak ramah lingkungan pada 1995, 2001 dan 2010-2012.Perbandingan densitas SDIK di luar DPL pada 2010-2012 dan di 20 lokasi DPL tradisonal yang didirikan masyarakat di wilayah kerja Coremap LIPI pada 2008 menunjukkan bahwa densitas SDIK ikan Target, Indikator dan Mayor di DPL masing-masing lebih tinggi 3-4 kali, 3-5 kali dan 2-3 kali. DPL tradisional terbukti efektif mengkonservasi SDIK, oleh karenanya pendirian DPL perlu terus dilanjutkan di banyak lokasi, seperti target pemerintah yang akan mendirikan 20 juta ha DPL hingg 2020. DPL yang telah ada juga perlu dipantau dan dirawat secara periodik agar efektif mengkonservasi SDIK. The reef fishes resources produced from one of productive tropical ecosystem in the coastal zones have not well known yet. Thus, it is difficult to conduct sustainable management on reef fishes, desipite there are many sanctuaries (DPL) have been established in Indonesia waters. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of DPL in the Biak-Numfor and Supiori Districts by comparing the reef fish stocks expressed as fish density (individuals/m2) between areas inside and outside DPL. Results show that the reef fish stocks (Target, Indicator and Major group) were drastically decreased in almost of study sites due to over exploitation and environmentally unfriendly fishing practises during 1995, 2001 to 2010-2012. Comparison of reef fishes density between outside DPL in 2010-2012 and inside of the 20 locations of traditional DPL established by local communities in 2008 within the Coremap LIPI working areas indicated that the density of reef fishes are 3-4, 3-5 and 2-3 times higher for Target, Indicator, and Major fish groups, respectively. Traditional DPL proves its role and its effectiveness as one of conservation tool to increase the reef fish stocks abundance Threfore, it is needed to estabish more DPL which have been targeted by government to reach 20 million ha of DPL by 2020. The exsisting DPL should be always be maintained in order they are effective in protecting the reef fish resources.