Letter from Alfred M. Lorrain to James B. Finley

Committee Report on Charges Against Burroughs Westlake -- A meeting to examine charges of immorality brought by Alexander St. Clair Hunter against Burroughs Westlake. During the meeting Hunter withdrew the charges. Abstract Number - NOAB15https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/2221/thumbnail.jp

Letter from Alfred M. Lorrain to James B. Finley

Lorrain finds himself too busy with his work at the Lebanon school to carry the extra responsibility of a church station. He advocates the appointment of a preacher. Lorrain believes that $1,000 could be raised for the Mission in Mississippi and Louisiana. Abstract Number - 674https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1769/thumbnail.jp

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state protocols for fully connected qubit networks

We generalize the recently proposed Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) tripartite protocol [A. Galiautdinov, J. M. Martinis, Phys. Rev. A 78, 010305(R) (2008)] to fully connected networks of weakly coupled qubits interacting by way of anisotropic Heisenberg exchange g(XX+YY)+g1*ZZ. Our model adopted here differs from the more familiar Ising-Heisenberg chain in that here every qubit interacts with every other qubit in the circuit. The assumption of identical couplings on all qubit pairs allows an elegant proof of the protocol for arbitrary N. In order to further make contact with experiment, we study fidelity degradation due to coupling imperfections by numerically simulating the N=3 and N=4 cases. Our simulations indicate that the best fidelity at unequal couplings is achieved when (a) the system is initially prepared in the uniform superposition state (similarly to how it is done in the ideal case), and (b) the entangling time and the final rotations on each of the qubits are appropriately adjusted.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur

Direct generation of charge carriers in c-Si solar cells due to embedded nanoparticles

It is known that silicon is an indirect band gap material, reducing its efficiency in photovoltaic applications. Using surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles embedded in a solar cell has recently been proposed as a way to increase the efficiency of thin film silicon solar cells. The dipole mode that dominates the plasmons in small particles produces an electric field having Fourier components with all wave numbers. In this work, we show that such a field creates electron-hole-pairs without phonon assistance, and discuss the importance of this effect compared to radiation from the particle and losses due to heating.Comment: 1 figur

Numerical simulation of ionospheric depletions resulting from rocket launches using a general circulation model

Rocket exhaust plumes have been observed to cause large-scale depletions of ionospheric plasmas ("ionospheric holes"). In the F-region, charge exchange reactions occur between O^+ ions and exhaust species such as H$_2$O, H$_2$, and CO$_2$ to form ions which then undergo rapid dissociative recombination. The Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model (GITM) was extended to include these chemical reactions and appropriate source terms to represent rocket exhaust plumes. The resulting model was applied to ionospheric depletions resulting from the launches of Jason-3 and FORMOSAT-5 on SpaceX Falcon 9 rockets from Vandenberg Air Force Base. Outputs from the model were compared with GNSS, ionosonde, and satellite Langmuir probe measurements. Simulation indicated that the FORMOSAT-5 launch resulted in a far larger and longer-lived ionospheric depletion than the Jason-3 launch, consistent with observations.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, 3 table

Epigenetic modifications affect the rate of spontaneous mutations in a pathogenic fungus

Mutations are the source of genetic variation and the substrate for evolution. Genome-widemutation rates appear to be affected by selection and are probably adaptive. Mutation ratesare also known to vary along genomes, possibly in response to epigenetic modifications, butcausality is only assumed. In this study we determine the direct impact of epigenetic mod-ifications and temperature stress on mitotic mutation rates in a fungal pathogen using amutation accumulation approach. Deletion mutants lacking epigenetic modifications confirmthat histone mark H3K27me3 increases whereas H3K9me3 decreases the mutation rate.Furthermore, cytosine methylation in transposable elements (TE) increases the mutation rate15-fold resulting in significantly less TE mobilization. Also accessory chromosomes havesignificantly higher mutation rates. Finally, wefind that temperature stress substantiallyelevates the mutation rate. Taken together, wefind that epigenetic modifications andenvironmental conditions modify the rate and the location of spontaneous mutations in thegenome and alter its evolutionary trajectory

Dynamics of transposable elements in recently diverged fungal pathogens: lineage-specific transposable element content and efficiency of genome defences

Transposable elements (TEs) impact genome plasticity, architecture and evolution in fungal plant pathogens. The wide range of TE content observed in fungal genomes reflects diverse efficacy of host-genome defence mechanisms that can counter-balance TE expansion and spread. Closely related species can harbour drastically different TE repertoires, suggesting variation in the efficacy of genome defences. The evolution of fungal effectors, which are crucial determinants of pathogenicity, has been linked to the activity of TEs in pathogen genomes. Here we describe how TEs have shaped genome evolution of the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici and four closely related species. We compared de novo TE annotations and Repeat-Induced Point mutation signatures in thirteen genomes from the Zymoseptoria species-complex. Then, we assessed the relative insertion ages of TEs using a comparative genomics approach. Finally, we explored the impact of TE insertions on genome architecture and plasticity. The thirteen genomes of Zymoseptoria species reflect different TE dynamics with a majority of recent insertions. TEs associate with distinct genome compartments in all Zymoseptoria species, including chromosomal rearrangements, genes showing presence/absence variation and effectors. European Z. tritici isolates have reduced signatures of Repeat-Induced Point mutations compared to Iranian isolates and closely related species. Our study supports the hypothesis that ongoing but moderate TE mobility in Zymoseptoria species shapes pathogen genome evolution.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest

A Precision Angle Sensor using an Optical Lever inside a Sagnac Interferometer

We built an ultra low noise angle sensor by combining a folded optical lever and a Sagnac interferometer. The instrument has a measured noise floor of 1.3 prad / Hz^(1/2) at 2.4 kHz. We achieve this record angle sensitivity using a proof-of-concept apparatus with a conservative N=11 bounces in the optical lever. This technique could be extended to reach sub-picoradian / Hz^(1/2) sensitivities with an optimized design.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Vertex similarity in networks

We consider methods for quantifying the similarity of vertices in networks. We propose a measure of similarity based on the concept that two vertices are similar if their immediate neighbors in the network are themselves similar. This leads to a self-consistent matrix formulation of similarity that can be evaluated iteratively using only a knowledge of the adjacency matrix of the network. We test our similarity measure on computer-generated networks for which the expected results are known, and on a number of real-world networks