Management Impacts on Ammonia Volatilization from Swine Manure

Ammonia released from swine manure into the air is becoming an increasingly controversial topic in Iowa. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of several management strategies to reduce ammonia volatilization from swine manure over time. In six benchtop trials using twenty-four 1-L manure storage vessels, treatments were applied to the vessels, and manure and air samples were analyzed for concentrations of ammonia and other forms of nitrogen. Segregated storage of urine and feces, keeping manure cool and still, addition of yucca extract, and acidification reduced ammonia volatilization

Effects of Laying Hen Manure Application Rate on Water Quality

Excessive use of animal manure on agricultural lands can impact the quality of surface and groundwater resources. A three–year study (1998–2000) was conducted on nine 0.4–ha plots and on six 2.1–m 2 lysimeters to investigate the effect of two nitrogen (N) application rates from laying hen manure and one N application rate from urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer on surface and groundwater quality. Experimental treatments included N application rates of 168 kg–N/ha from UAN fertilizer, and 168 kg–N/ha and 336 kg–N/ha from laying hen manure to corn plots. Subsurface drain and runoff water samples were collected and analyzed for nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N) and orthophosphate (PO4–P). Results of this study indicate that application of hen manure at 336 kg–N/ha resulted in the highest average NO3–N and PO4–P concentrations in subsurface drain water in comparison with the application of 168 kg–N/hafrom either hen manure or UAN fertilizer. Application of manure at 168 kg–N/ha resulted in significantly lower NO3–N loss with subsurface drain water in comparison with NO3–N loss from the other two N treatments. Manure application at a rate of 336 kg–N/ha resulted in a higher concentration of PO4–P in surface runoff in comparison with manure application rate of 168 kg–N/ha. Application rate of manure had no significant effect on NO3–N concentration in surface runoff water. In addition, higher PO4–P losses were observed with surface runoff water in comparison with subsurface drain water. The use of manure at both low and high application rates in field plots resulted in significantly higher corn and soybean yields in comparison with the use of UAN fertilizer. Results of this study led to the conclusions that application of hen manure at a lower rate of 168 kg–N/ha can result in higher crop yields and minimal water pollution in comparison with same amount of UAN fertilizer or higher manure application rate

Poulty Manure Impacts on Water Quality

Iowa\u27s egg industry continues to grow each year. In 2001, Iowa became the number one egg producing state in the US, producing 8.69 billion eggs (USDA, 2003; USDA 2002). Iowa broke its record the following year producing 10.1 billion eggs which it topped again in 2003 producing 10.1 billion eggs, thus maintaining its position as number one egg producing state in the US (USDA, 2003; USDA, 2004). With this success comes the added weight of maintaining this status, as well as, managing for all the manure that is generated by being the number one producer. Poultry manure can be a valuable soil amendment for adding organic matter and nutrients to farm fields, but if not managed properly, it can also impact the environment by deteriorating water quality. Lakes, rivers, and streams can receive excessive nutrient loads and be contaminated by surface runoff and subsurface drain water. It is the purpose of this study to gain a better understanding on how poultry manure applied to Iowa soils impacts crop growth, soil nutrients, and water quality

Status inconsistency and West German political attitudes, behavior, and degree of community satisfaction

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industrie

Impact of swine manure bacteria transport through undisturbed soil columns

Land application method of animal manure can have a significant effect on the leaching of bacteria to ground water. In order to determine the effects of manure placement method and application rate on bacteria transport with subsurface water, a soil column study was conducted in the laboratory in the spring of 2000. A total of 20 undisturbed soil columns were collected from a no-till corn field. Liquid swine manure was applied to these columns at two application rates (to give N application rate of 336 kg-N/ha and 168 kg-N/ha) using broadcast and incorporated methods of application. Three simulated rainfall amounts were applied on these soil columns using rainfall intensities of either 6.35 cm/hr (2.5 in/hr) or 0.762 cm/hr (0.3 in/hr). Fecal streptococcus and E-coli bacteria concentrations in the leachate were determined for all three simulated rainfall events. The results of this study indicated that broadcast method of manure application resulted in higher bacteria concentrations in the leachate in comparison with incorporated method. A positive correlation existed between the manure application rate and bacteria concentrations in the leachate, but differences in bacteria concentration were not statistically significant at 5% level between two application rates. Highest bacteria concentrations in the leachate were observed from columns receiving manure at a higher application rate using broadcast method of application. Results of this study suggest that bacteria transport to subsurface drainage water, under no-till conditions, is affected by the method and rate of manure application, soil structure, and rainfall intensity. Presence of large number of macropores in the undisturbed soil columns may be one of the reasons for higher bacteria concentrations in the subsurface drainage water under surface broadcast method of manure application. Incorporating of liquid manure in the surface 5 to 10 cm soil layer disturbed macropores resulting in lower bacteria concentration in the leachate.This presentation is published as Wang, F., R. S. Kanwar, and J. C. Lorimor. "Impact of swine manure bacteria transport through undisturbed soil columns." In 2001 ASAE Annual Meeting, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. ASABE meeting paper No. 012196. St. Joseph, Michigan: ASABE. DOI: 10.13031/2013.4424. Copyright 2001 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Posted with permission