The structure of aesthetic and consumer parameters of the environment of settlements by the case of the Belgorod agglomeration, the European part of Russia

The issues of studying the structure of aesthetic and consumer parameters of the environment of settlements located within the boundaries of the emerging and dynamically developing Belgorod agglomeration in the southwestern part of the country are discusse

Heat transfer and pressure drop in tape generated swirl flow

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of water in tape generated swirl flow were investigated. The test sections were electrically heated small diameter nickel tubes with tight fitting full length Inconel tapes of twist ratios from 2. 48 to 9. 2 inside diameters/180 of tape twist. Heat transfer coefficients and friction factors were determined for non-boiling forced convection heating and cooling while overall pressure drop information and curves of heat flux versus wall superheat were determined for surface boiling conditions. Improvements in heat transfer for equal flow rates of up to 851c were observed for the non-boiling swirl flows with heating, but the improvement with cooling was substantially less. Compared on the basis of equal pumping power, improvements in heat transfer of up to 351c were observed for the tighter tape twists. A method for predicting the heat transfer coefficient for non-boiling swirl flows was developed. It was based upon the theory that the improvement was due primarily to: 1) the increased flow path created by the tape, 2) the increased circulation created with heating due to the buoyancy effect set up by the large centrifugal force present, and 3) the fin effect of the tape. The experimental results of this and previous swirl flow investigations were in good agreement with the analytical prediction. The surface boiling characteristics of swirl flow were found to be similar to those observed in straight flow. The boiling curves for various velocities were asymptotic to a fully developed line at high wall superheats, and the visually observed point of incipient boiling and the transition to the fully developed boiling asymptote were predictable by conventional straight flow methods. It was concluded, therefore, that the dominant surface boiling heat transfer mechanism was similar for both swirl and straight flow.(cont.) For non-boiling swirl flows, the decrease in the pressure drop with heating was slightly less than is usual with straight flows, while the increase in the pressure drop with surface boiling was substantially less. A method for predicting the difference in each case is presented.D.S.R. Project Sponsored by the Solid State Sciences Division, Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchAir Forc

Shouldering a silent burden: The toll of dirty tasks

Dirty work involves tasks that are stigmatized owing to characteristics that the public finds disgusting, degrading, or objectionable. Conservation of resources theory suggests such experiences should induce strain and decreased work satisfaction; social identity theory suggests such work should lead to strong psychological investment in the work, among other outcomes. Integrating these two perspectives, this study hypothesizes and presents quantitative evidence from 499 animal-shelter workers, demonstrating how dirty-work engagement relates to higher levels of strain, job involvement, and reluctance to discuss work while negatively influencing work satisfaction. Additionally, this study takes a unique perspective on dirty work by focusing on dirty tasks within a dirty-work occupation. The data suggest meaningful differences between the outcomes of dirty-task frequency and dirty-task psychological salience, providing additional insight into the complexity of stigmatized occupations and ways in which future research and theory benefit as a result

Factor assessment of the aesthetic and consumer parameters of the region

The designed aesthetic and consumer parameters of the region (coefficients of representation of objects) depend on the type of settlement, individual characteristics of the population, its psychological and physiological characteristics, features of the combination of aesthetic resources and accessibility of areas of public environmental managemen

Recreational use and spatial organization of rural regions in terms of new sociological and economic factors

Important issues regarding the exploration of aesthetically attractive and recreationally important objects within the boundaries of traditional rural regions are discussed. The usage of the proposed methodological approach to the evaluation of aesthetical and consumer parameters regarding the regional settlement system is demonstrated in the example of rural regions located in Valuysky Municipal District, Belgorod Oblas

Features of chronic heart failure depending on the left ventricular ejection fraction

Aim. To assess clinical and demographic data, structural and functional features of the myocardium in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with a preserved ejection fraction in comparison with patients with CHF with an intermediate (CHF-inEF) and a reduced ejection fraction (CHF-rEF).Material and methods. The study included 186 patients with CHF I-IIB stages, I-III functional classes. One hundred and three patients had a preserved ejection fraction (EF) (≥50%), 43 — intermediate (40-49%) and 40 — reduced (<40%). All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical examination, as well as standard echocardiography.Results. Among patients with CHF-rEF, remodeling of the left ventricular myocardium by the type of concentric hypertrophy was more often observed (69,9%), and among CHF-inEF and CHF-nEF patients — by the type of eccentric hypertrophy (88,4 and 875%, respectively). Restrictive diastolic dysfunction was observed in 2,0% of patients with CHF-rEF and in 21,7% of patients with EF less than 50%.Conclusion. The severity of the clinical course of CHF does not depend on the left ventricular EF. Epidemiology and etiology of CHF-rEF has fundamental differences from CHF-inEF and CHF-nEF: CHF-rEF is more common among women over 60 years old with arterial hypertension and obesity. For patients with CHF-inFV, myocardial remodeling by the type of concentric hypertrophy and the prevalence of non-restrictive types of diastolic dysfunction are characteristic

The effect of the metabolically unhealthy obese phenotype on the vascular wall of the carotid arteries in patients with arterial hypertension who had acute cerebrovascular accident

Aim. To study the effect of the metabolically unhealthy obese phenotype on the vascular wall of the carotid arteries (CA) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) who had acute cerebrovascular accident Material and methods. The study included 88 patients with AH who had acute cerebrovascular accident. The follow-up period was 12 months. All patients underwent anthropometry with the calculation of body mass index and body adiposity index. Visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid spectrum parameters analysis and ultrasound duplex scanning of CA was performed.Results. The atherogenic index has a direct correlation with the intima-media complex thickness (R=0,5, p=0,044), the resistance index of common CA (CCA) (R=0,6, p=0,045) and the diameter of the external CA (ECA) (R=0,55, p=0,042). VAI has strong inverse association with the OCA resistance index (R=-0,73, p=0,002), the diameter of the ECA and the left internal CA (ICA) (R=-0,6, p=0,018). The waist circumference has a direct association with the diameter of the ECA and ICA (R=0,38, p=0,02) and a negative association with the blood flow velocity of the ICA (R=-0,38, p=0,02). Regression analysis revealed the influence of VAI on the OCA resistance index (β=-0,72; p=0,008), the diameter of the left ICA (β=-0,71; p=0,004) and probability of cardiovascular complications (β=-0,64; p=0,0005).Conclusion. VAI and waist circumference can be independent predictors of AH complications