Efecto de prebióticos y probióticos en la expresión y actividad de fenoloxidasa en camarones Penaeus : meta-análisis = Effect of prebiotics and probiotics on the expression and activity of phenoloxidase in Penaeus shrimp : meta-analysis

Context: Immunostimulants stimulate the immune response and growth, increase resistance to stress and disease in aquaculture. Sometimes contradictory results are found that provide confusion about the use of them, so it was posed as a problem: Could the scientific literature related to prebiotics and probiotics, where the indicators of the shrimp immune system are evaluated, serve as the basis for the decision-making in the use of immunostimulants in shrimp farming? Objective: To evaluate the influence of prebiotics and probiotics on the expression and activity of phenoloxidase in Penaeus shrimp, through a meta-analysis that allows decision-making for their use in shrimp farming. Methods: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus were searched from 2008 to 2019 on the influence of immunostimulants on phenoloxidase activity and gene expression. Statistical analysis was performed with the Jasp Metaanalysis Version 0.9.2 program. at 95% confidence. Results: 262 scientific articles were obtained on the evaluation of prebiotics and probiotics in Penaeus shrimp. Of these, 61 met the inclusion criteria for the immune response: 51 evaluated the activity of phenoloxidase and 11 the profenoloxidase. Both prebiotics and probiotics stimulate the enzyme and proenzyme; plant extracts were the ones that most modified this activity and Bacillus was the genus that most stimulated. Conclusions: The scientific literature related to phenoloxidase in Penaeus shrimp indicates that they should be carefully evaluated, due to the experimental design and the way the results express