Combining Ability and Heterosis for Market Yield in Green Asparagus

In asparagus, current cultivars are mostly hybrids (known as clonal hybrids) derived from crosses between two parents, female and male, with good combining ability. Despite the fact that clonal hybrids have been obtained for more than 40 years, studies of the heterosis and combining abilities involved are limited. Similarly, there are no published studies regarding the association between genetic divergence and heterosis. In this sense, we evaluated two sets of diallel crosses including 12 accessions from 11 different origins for marketable green asparagus production. Parentals were also included as a way to assess heterosis. The variation for market yield was highly significant for both sets. Best parent heterosis was over 100% in four cases. The best experimental hybrid did not significant differ from the Atticus F1 all-male check. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, with a relative greater contribution of the SCA than the GCA to the variation among crosses. The association between genetic distances and heterosis failed to be significant. The best experimental hybrids were obtained when UC157 and KBF (origins from the USA and the UK) were crossed to Argenteuil, Limburgia and Esparrago de Navarra (origins from France, the Netherlands and Spain).Fil: Amato, Lucía Dolores. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Eugenia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Combining abilities and heterotic groups in Pisum sativum L.

The objective of this research was to investigate the use of heterosis and estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for yield and the yield-related traits for identifying suitable parents and forming heterotic groups for pea- breeding programs. Seventy-six F1 hybrids derived from crosses between nineteen female lines and four male testers were evaluated during two seasons. Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA effects and their relationship revealed predominantly additive effects for all traits. Parents with higher GCA values were "ZAV20" (female parent) and "ZAV23" (male parent).The cross "ZAV5 x ZAV23" showed the highest value for seed yield. Days to flowering and number of seeds per plot were the variables with the highest values for broad and narrow-sense heritability (0.93 and 0.65, respectively), indicating that these traits are highly heritable. The highest best parent heterosis for seed yield was observed in the "ZAV17 x DDR14" hybrid. Four heterotic groups were formed and validated by estimating the intra and inter group heterosis.Fil: Espósito, María Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

A rapid method to increase the number of F1 plants in pea (Pisum sativum) breeding programs.

In breeding programs, a large number of F2 individuals are required to perform the selection process properly, but often few such plants are available. In order to obtain more F2 seeds, it is necessary to multiply the F1 plants. We developed a rapid, efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro shoot regeneration and rooting of seeds using 6-benzylaminopurine. To optimize shoot regeneration, basic medium contained Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts with or without B5 Gamborg vitamins and different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (25, 50 and 75 μM) using five genotypes. We found that modified MS (B5 vitamins + 25 μM 6-benzylaminopurine) is suitable for in vitro shoot regeneration of pea. Thirty-eight hybrid combinations were transferred onto selected medium to produce shoots that were used for root induction on MS medium supplemented with α-naphthalene-acetic acid. Elongated shoots were developed from all hybrid genotypes. This procedure can be used in pea breeding programs and will allow working with a large number of plants even when the F1 plants produce few seeds.Fil: Espósito, María Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Almiron, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, I.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; Argentin

Successful transferring of male sterility from globe artichoke into cultivated cardoon

In the cultivated forms of the genus Cynara, genetic male sterility was recorded only in globe artichoke (var. scolymus). Depending on the plant material used, its inheritance is controlled by up to three independent loci (ms1ms1ms2ms2ms3ms3), where the male sterile (MS) plants are recessive for all loci involved. In order to access the effect of these loci in a var. altilis background, a backcross scheme was conducted along two generations. The donor plant of the MS was a segregant selfed from the genetic composite (MS×'Reri') × ('Cada'×'Riga'). The var. altilis used as recurrent parent was the 'Blanc Ameliore' Semence seeds population. In segregating population, plants were field established and prior anthesis, at least three capitula per plant were covered with pollination bags in order to avoid pollen removal by pollinators. Screenings for pollen production were conducted daily along flowering, except in rainy days. Plants were recorded as male fertile (MF) or MS, when absolutely no pollen shed was observed. F1 plants (12) were all MF. The F2 generation presented 81 MF and 4 MS plants, fitting a 15:1 ratio of two loci segregation (χ2=0.3; p=0.6-0.55). Two backcrossed were advanced, and in the selfed BC2 population 87 MF and 6 MS plants were counted, matching the expected 15:1 ratio (χ2=0.006; p=0.95-0.9). We concluded that the male sterile attribute can be successfully transferred into the cultivated cardoon. This will pave the way for the production of hybrids, not only between var. altilis counterparts, but also among different botanical varieties as well, in order to exploit the vigorous heterotic biomass growth for industrial purposes.Fil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Eugenia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: García, S. M.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Elucidating the genetic male sterility in Cynara cardunculus L. through a BSA approach: identification of associated molecular markers

Cynara cardunculus L., member of the Asteraceae family, includes three botanical varieties, fully-inter-fertile: scolymus (globe artichoke), altilis (cultivated cardoon) and sylvestris (wild cardoon).The artichoke production is traditionally carried out through vegetative propagation using offshoots or suckers. However, several new seed propagated cultivars have been developed in recent years, whichshowed high yield and ruled out phytosanitary problems inherent to vegetative propagation. In this context, hybrid seeds production, which exploits theheterosis phenomenon producing high performance plants, is of global interest. Manual emasculation is extremely difficult; therefore, it is essential to have amale-sterility system to achieve an efficient hybrids production. In Cynara genus, genic male sterility was found only in globe artichoke but the genetic bases of this phenomenon is poorly explored. The objective of this work was to elucidate the genetic male sterility in Cynara cardunculus L. combining SRAP technology and a BSA approach and to identify molecular markers associated to ms genes, feasible to be applied for MAS in breeding programs of the species. Segregation of the male sterility in our F2 population fit to a monogenic segregation model (3:1), revealing that only one gene (ms) is responsible, in homozygous recessive stage, to determine male sterile plants. Three SRAP markers linked to the ms gene were found. The nearest marker (SRAP 7-10.1774) was estimated to be 0.5 cM from the ms gene whereas the others (SRAP 4-9.332 and SRAP 4-9.700) were linked at 4.3 cM and 13.9 cM, respectively.Fil: Zayas, Aldana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Eugenia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Bianchi, Marta. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Peduncles and pericarps of Cucurbita maxima Duch.: A contribution for the reconstruction of domestication process of cultivated squash in Northwest Argentina

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en reconocer y evaluar las modificaciones biométricas que se dieron en pedúnculos y pericarpios de Cucurbita maxima (subsp. maxima y andreana) ligadas a un proceso de selección, cultivo y/o domesticación en el pasado prehispánico del Noroeste de Argentina. Por medio de la realización de cultivos experimentales -técnica que nos permite reproducir procesos de hibridación e introgresión bajo condiciones controladas- junto al estudio morfométrico de los ejemplares así obtenidos, al igual que de los arqueológicos, se pretende aportar a la comprensión del proceso de domesticación del zapallo criollo. Los resultados obtenidos constatan la presencia de formas silvestres, híbridas y domesticadas hace cerca de 2000 años AP e indican que los pedúnculos son mejores indicadores que los pericarpios para la detección de las mismas mediante caracteres biométricos. Estos resultados llevan a concluir que el flujo génico entre estas formas con diverso grado de manejo habría sido posiblemente alentado como mecanismo de diversificación sobre el cual luego operaría un proceso de selección antrópica, lo cual coincidiría con lo registrado para otros miembros del género, al igual que explicaría la gran diversidad de morfotipos domesticados presentes en los restos arqueobotánicos analizados.The aim of this paper is to recognize and assess biometrical modifications in peduncles and pericarps of squash or “zapallo criollo” (Cucurbita maxima subsp. maxima and andreana) which are bound to a process of selection, cultivation and/or domestication in the Prehispanic past at the Argentinean Northwest. It is intended to contribute to the understanding of the process of domestication of the creole pumpkin by carrying out experimental cultivation (a technique which allows to reproduce the processes of hybridization and introgression under controlled conditions) together with morphometric and archaeological studies of the samples obtained. Results confirm the presence of wild, hybrid and domesticated forms near of 2, 000 years BP and that peduncles are better indicators than pericarps to detect those forms through biometrical analysis. These results lead to the conclusion that gene flow among these forms, which underwent several ways of managing, could have been possibly encouraged as a mechanism of diversification on which a process of anthropic selection would later operate. This coincides with records of other members of the same genus and would also explain the great diversity of domesticated morphotypes found in archaeobotanical remains submitted to analysis.Fil: Martinez, Analia Beatriz Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Lema, Veronica Soledad. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Sergio Ivan. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Cienicas Naturales y Museo. División Antropología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

QTLs detection and mapping for yield-related traits in globe artichoke

The genetic basis of yield-related traits in Cynara cardunculus L. was studied in a F1 population derived from an inter-botanical varietal cross between wild cardoon and "Estrella del Sur FCA" globe artichoke. The aim of this work was identify and localize QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) associated with yield-related traits as a first step to marker-assisted selection. Sixty-eight polymorphic markers (SSR) were used to analyze the segregating population by ANOVA approach. A second analysis based in previous linkage maps of the species was conducted in two seasons by SIM (Simple Interval Mapping) procedure. A total of 66 QTLs associated with seven morphological traits were detected and mapped in the first evaluated season, of these 42 were validated among both seasons. All QTLs identified are major QTLs (explain >10% of phenotypic variation) and 27 of these are responsible for >20% of phenotypic variation. This work represents an initial platform for the dissection of a complex trait, such as yield in the species. Although the QTLs detected need to be more precisely mapped, they will be targets in breeding programs of globe artichoke to improve yield-related traits.Fil: Martin, Eugenia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Inheritance of entire and lobed leaf in Cynara cardunculus L

In globe artichoke (Cynara cadunculus var. scolymus), the presence of entire leaf type in adult plants is a characteristic of the early Catanesi group, as 'Violet de Provence' and 'Blanca de Tudela', among others. Both of these attributes (i.e., entire leaf and precocity) failed to be transmitted by sexual means. In the cultivated cardoon (Cynara cadunculus var. altilis) some materials also present uniformely entire mature leaves, with a weak intensity of lobing and absence of secondary lobes. In this case, the attribute is seed maintained. In the present contribution we studied the inheritance of entire leaf type in a cross of a globe artichoke genetic stock ('Cada 33- 49-25') of deeply lobed leaves and a local landrace of cultivated cardoon ('Schiavoni'), possessing uniform entire leaves. All the observations were conducted in field adult plants about four months after transplantation. The F1 ('Schiavoni' × 'Cada 33-49-25') plants were of the lobed leaf type. The F2 showed 183 lobed leaf and 69 entire leaf type plants. This segregation fitted a 3:1 ratio (χ2=0.76; p=0.38). The backcross towards the entire leaf parent presented 51 lobed and 42 entire leaf plants, adjusting a 1:1 ratio (χ2=0.87; p=0.35). We concluded that entire leaf is governed by a single recessive allele that could be designated (el). In adition, as the entire leaf type is only found in the early cultivars of globe artichoke, we studied the days to anthesis of the first capitulum in the F2 population, in a way to see if there was also a relation in our material between entire leaf and precocity. The F2 was randomly divided in nine groups of about 20 plants. The date of first capitulum anthesis was recorded in each plant, and avararaged in each of the nine groups according to leaf type (entire and lobed). No significant differences were found in the number of days to reach flowering of the first capitulum between plants bearing entire and lobed leaves (F=2.77; p<0.13; df=1, n=9). Thus, in our segrergating population, the association between entire leaf and precocious flowering did not hold.Fil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Eugenia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: García, S. M.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Firpo, I. T.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Multidisciplinary studies in Cucurbita maxima (squash) domestication

Plant domestication is a complex process in which natural and cultural factors play important roles delimiting evolutionary pathways of plants under cultivation. In order to deal with and understand the changes generated during this process, multi-disciplinary research is required, especially when a full picture of the domestication history of a taxon is to be assessed. We present here some advances in the study of Cucurbita maxima (squash) domestication from an integrated perspective, including experimental, morphometric and archaeobotanical approaches, which are discussed in the light of new data from physiological analyses. Modern material includes plants obtained from experimental fields, derived from crosses between domesticated (C. maxima ssp. maxima) and spontaneous/wild forms (C. maxima ssp. andreana), resulting in F1 and F2 generations. The archaeobotanical material includes remains recovered from sites in southern Peru and northwest Argentina ranging in date from 3,000 to 800 bp. Morphological and anatomical analyses were conducted on seeds, pericarps and peduncles (the stem of the flower or fruit) for reconstructing squash size and shape evolution under domestication. The results suggest the presence of hybrid forms, mainly from the earlier sites, but also from more recent ones. As expected, a linear evolutionary pathway was not found. Diversity and multiple crossings seem to have been a constant in squash cultivation over time, emphasising the role of gene flows between domestic and wild variants in the domestication process. Finally, we hypothesize the possible linkage between past gene flow and different dormancy patterns as part of management practices, allowing the maintenance of squash populations adapted to different environmental conditions.Fil: Martinez, Analia Beatriz Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Lema, Veronica Soledad. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Capparelli, Aylen. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Arqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bartoli, Carlos Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Sergio Ivan. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Cienicas Naturales y Museo. División Antropología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Cynara cardunculus L. as a Potential Industry Crop

Fourteen Cynara cardunculus L. accessions were compared in order to evaluate fresh total aboveground biomass production as well as its partition into leaves, stalks and capitula at the anthesis stage. For each botanical variety, percentages of dry matter were also calculated. An ANOVA was performed and mean values were compared by Duncan’s test. Euclidean distances were calculated and a cluster analysis was performed. Total fresh biomass and all its components showed significant differences among accessions (p<0.001). The total fresh biomass ranged between 1188 and 3235 g/plant and its partitioning was strongly affected by the botanical variety. Cluster analysis showed three main groups, one including two cultivated cardoons, a second one, three globe artichoke cultivars, whereas a third one, grouping all wild cardoons together with three cultivated cardoons and two globe artichoke accessions. In both cardoon cultivars, the percentage of dry matter ranged between 30 to 35% for all components of aboveground biomass, whereas in globe artichoke values ranged between 20% for capitula to 40% for leaves. The low inputs management required, adaptability to the local conditions, and the results obtained in the present study suggest the suitability of C. cardunculus as a source to be exploited as an industry or energy cropFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Eugenia Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Crippa, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García, S. M.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin