Energy Consumption per GDP in Various Regions of China and Its Mode

AbstractBased on the analysis of the changes of Energy consumption per GDP in various regions of China, we can summarize modes of Energy consumption per GDP in various regions of China. The modes are Conventional mode, Gradational mode Contemporary mode, Low-carbon mode. Then, analyse the energy consumption characteristics of each mode and give optimizational initiatives

Nanofibrous Spongy Microspheres for the Delivery of Hypoxia-primed Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Regenerate Vascularized Dental Pulp

Dental pulp infection and necrosis are widespread diseases. Conventional endodontic treatments result in a devitalized and weakened tooth. In this work, we synthesized novel star-shaped polymer to self-assemble into unique nanofibrous spongy microspheres (NF-SMS), which were used to carry human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) into the pulp cavity to regenerate living dental pulp tissues. It was found that NF-SMS significantly enhanced hDPSCs attachment, proliferation, odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, as compared to control cell carriers. Additionally, NF-SMS promoted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of hDPSCs in a 3D hypoxic culture. Hypoxia-primed hDPSCs/NF-SMS complexes were injected into the cleaned pulp cavities of rabbit molars for subcutaneous implantation in mice. After 4 weeks, the hypoxia group significantly enhanced angiogenesis inside the pulp chamber and promoted the formation of ondontoblast-like cells lining along the dentin-pulp interface, as compared to the control groups (hDPSCs alone group, NF-SMS alone group, and hDPSCs/NF-SMS group pre-cultured under normoxic conditions). Furthermore, in an in situ dental pulp repair model in rats, hypoxia-primed hDPSCs/NF-SMS were injected to fully fill the pulp cavity and regenerate pulp-like tissues with a rich vasculature and a histological structure similar to the native pulp

In Vitro Differentiation and Mineralization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Enamel-Like Fluorapatite Surfaces

Our previous studies have shown good biocompatibility of fluorapatite (FA) crystal surfaces in providing a favorable environment for functional cell?matrix interactions of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and also in supporting their long-term growth. The aim of the current study was to further investigate whether this enamel-like surface can support the differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs, and, therefore, act as a potential model for studying the enamel/dentin interface and, perhaps, dentine/pulp regeneration in tooth tissue engineering. The human pathway-focused osteogenesis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array demonstrated that the expression of osteogenesis-related genes of human DPSCs was increased on FA surfaces compared with that on etched stainless steel (SSE). Consistent with the PCR array, FA promoted mineralization compared with the SSE surface with or without the addition of a mineralization promoting supplement (MS). This was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining, and tetracycline staining for mineral formation. In conclusion, FA crystal surfaces, especially ordered (OR) FA surfaces, which mimicked the physical architecture of enamel, provided a favorable extracellular matrix microenvironment for the cells. This resulted in the differentiation of human DPSCs and mineralized tissue formation, and, thus, demonstrated that it may be a promising biomimetic model for dentin-pulp tissue engineering.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98483/1/ten%2Etec%2E2011%2E0624.pd

State monitoring of switching power supply in power system based on time series voltage waveform and image analysis

Abstract The switching power supply is widely used in the secondary equipment of the power grid. The failure of the switching power supply will cause the protection device to malfunction, leading to a risk of large‐scale power failure. In this paper, a real‐time monitoring method based on only output voltage information is proposed. The experiment shows that this parameter‐reduced approach, relying only on voltage information, outperforms the existing method in detection accuracy

Online SOC Estimation Based on Simplified Electrochemical Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Current Bias

State of Charge (SOC) is essential for a smart Battery Management System (BMS). Traditional SOC estimation methods of lithium-ion batteries are usually conducted using battery equivalent circuit models (ECMs) and the impact of current sensor bias on SOC estimation is rarely considered. For this reason, this paper proposes an online SOC estimation based on a simplified electrochemical model (EM) for lithium-ion batteries considering sensor bias. In EM-based SOC estimation structure, the errors from the current sensor bias are addressed by proportional–integral observer. Then, the accuracy of the proposed EM-based SOC estimation is validated under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the proposed method has good performance and high accuracy in SOC estimation for lithium-ion batteries, which facilitates the on-board application in advanced BMS

Nanofibrous Spongy Microspheres Enhance Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113700/1/adhm201500308.pd

Intravenous N-acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the common causes of acute renal insufficiency after contrast procedures. Whether intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is beneficial for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy is uncertain. In this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, we aimed to assess the efficacy of intravenous NAC for preventing CIN after administration of intravenous contrast media. STUDY DESIGN: Relevant studies published up to September 2012 that investigated the efficacy of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for preventing CIN were collected from MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the conference proceedings from major cardiology and nephrology meetings. The primary outcome was CIN. Secondary outcomes included renal failure requiring dialysis, mortality, and length of hospitalization. Data were combined using random-effects models with the performance of standard tests to assess for heterogeneity and publication bias. Meta-regression analyses were also performed. RESULTS: Ten trials involving 1916 patients met our inclusion criteria. Trials varied in patient demographic characteristics, inclusion criteria, dosing regimens, and trial quality. The summary risk ratio for contrast-induced nephropathy was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.02), a nonsignificant trend towards benefit in patients treated with intravenous NAC. There was evidence of significant heterogeneity in NAC effect across studies (Q = 17.42, P = 0.04; I(2) = 48%). Meta-regression revealed no significant relation between the relative risk of CIN and identified differences in participant or study characteristics. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that research on intravenous N-acetylcysteine and the incidence of CIN is too inconsistent at present to warrant a conclusion on efficacy. A large, well designed trial that incorporates the evaluation of clinically relevant outcomes in participants with different underlying risks of CIN is required to more adequately assess the role for intravenous NAC in CIN prevention

New reversed-phase/anion-exchange/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode stationary phase based on dendritic polymer-modified porous silica

A novel dendritic polymer-modified silica (DPS) stationary phase was prepared by a divergent synthesis scheme starting from propylamine on silica by consecutive amine-epoxy reactions with 1,4butanedioldiglycidyl ether and aniline. Both elemental analysis and infrared spectra data shows the successful growth of dendritic polymer on silica particles. The carbon and nitrogen contents increased with an increasing number of reaction cycles and achieved 25.2% and 2.1% (w/w) after 11 reaction cycles. The combination of a phenyl ring with a quaternary ammonium, or a tertiary amine at the branch point along with embedded polar functionalities (including ether and hydroxyl groups) in the branch, generated hydrophobic, electrostatic, as well as hydrophilic interactive domains. Depending on solute structure and mobile phase composition, the DPS stationary phase provided multiple retention mechanisms, including reversed phase (RP), anion-exchange (AEX), and hydrophilic interactions. The RP capability achieved separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Basic, neutral and acidic molecules were well separated under RP/AEX mixed mode. Effective separation of small polar compounds (such as nucleobases and nucleosides) was also obtained under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Structural and Functional Characteristics of Soil Fungal Communities near Decomposing Moso Bamboo Stumps

Background and Objectives: Fungi degrade lignin and other fibers, thus playing an essential role in the decomposition of Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz. (Moso bamboo) stumps. Herein, we characterized key soil fungal communities near different levels of decomposing Moso bamboo stumps (mildly, moderately, and heavily decayed). Materials and Methods: High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the soil fungal communities inside and outside of mild, moderate, and heavy decomposing Moso bamboo stumps. Results: We found nine phyla, 30 classes, 77 orders, 149 families, and 247 genera of soil fungi near the bamboo stumps. Soil fungi OTUs and diversity and richness indices were lower outside than inside the stumps, and decreased with increasing degrees of decay. Inside the bamboo stumps, Soil fungi OTUs and diversity and richness indices were the highest and lowest in moderate and heavy decay bamboo stumps, respectively. Ascomycota dominated inside (from 81% to 46%) and outside (from 69% to 49%) the stumps, and their relative abundance gradually decreased with decomposition, whereas that of Basidiomycota increased outside the stumps (from 17% to 49%). Two-way ANOVA showed that the interaction between the two factors of occurring inside and outside the bamboo stumps and the degree of decay, significantly affected Chytridiomycota and Penicillium (p p < 0.05). The abundance of different genera was significantly correlated with saprotrophic functional groups. Conclusion: Changes in the structure and functional groups of soil fungal communities may play an important role during different levels of decomposition of Moso bamboo stumps. This study provides a scientific basis for screening functional fungal strains that promote the decomposition of Moso bamboo stumps