A Secure Mechanism for Big Data Collection in Large Scale Internet of Vehicle

As an extension for Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV) achieves unified management in smart transportation area. With the development of IoV, an increasing number of vehicles are connected to the network. Large scale IoV collects data from different places and various attributes, which conform with heterogeneous nature of big data in size, volume, and dimensionality. Big data collection between vehicle and application platform becomes more and more frequent through various communication technologies, which causes evolving security attack. However, the existing protocols in IoT cannot be directly applied in big data collection in large scale IoV. The dynamic network structure and growing amount of vehicle nodes increases the complexity and necessary of the secure mechanism. In this paper, a secure mechanism for big data collection in large scale IoV is proposed for improved security performance and efficiency. To begin with, vehicles need to register in the big data center to connect into the network. Afterwards, vehicles associate with big data center via mutual authentication and single sign-on algorithm. Two different secure protocols are proposed for business data and confidential data collection. The collected big data is stored securely using distributed storage. The discussion and performance evaluation result shows the security and efficiency of the proposed secure mechanism

Cross-Domain Fine-Grained Data Usage Control Service for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

In an industrial system, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are usually adapted to industrial applications. Industrial system is a novel scenario to apply WSNs. Industrial WSNs are the base to establish a supervisory control and data acquisition system with the benefits of extending the network boundaries and enhancing the network scalability of the WSNs. The integration of industrial systems, such as smart grids and social networks, is an important trend for new network technologies. In many application scenarios of industrial systems, WSNs are controlled by different authorities. The network nodes that belong to different domains can share the sensor data by standard protocols. Moreover, in an applications, scenario that has high security requirements, the nodes of social networking WSNs could belong to different security levels; thus, these data can be controlled only by specific types of users. Therefore, the cross-domain fine-grained data usage is the core problem for this approach. To address this problem, this paper focuses on the cross-domain fine-grained data usage control mechanism of social networking WSNs in industrial systems, which includes cross-domain fine-grained access control and fuzzy clustering for sensing data for efficient analysis. In addition, dynamic service composition is proposed for data usage. The simulation results verify the feasibility and data usage effectiveness of the proposed scheme

Event-Oriented Dynamic Security Service for Demand Response in Smart Grid Employing Mobile Networks

Equipped with millions of sensors and smart meters in smart gird, a reliable and resilient wireless communication technology is badly needed. Mobile networks are among the major energy communication networks which contribute to global energy consumption increase rapidly. As one of core technologies of smart grid employing mobile networks, Demand Response (DR) helps improving efficiency, reliability and security for electric power grid infrastructure. Security of DR events is one of the most important issues in DR. However, the security requirements of different DR events are dynamic for variousactual demands. To address this, an event-oriented dynamic security service mechanism is proposed for DR. Three kinds of security services including security access service, security communication service and security analysis service for DR event are composited dynamically by the fine-grained sub services. An experiment prototype of the network of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) is established. Experiment and evaluations shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme in smart grid employing mobile network

Methyl jasmonate-induced accumulation of metabolites and transcriptional responses involved in triterpene biosynthesis in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit at different growing stages

The cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides, mogrosides, are the main active components of Siraitia grosvenorii fruit. Squalene and cucurbitadienol are among the intermediates of the biosynthetic pathway for the formation of cucurbitane-type triterpenoid backbones of mogrosides. It is recognized that the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) increases the accumulation of secondary metabolites in various plant species. Here, the effect of MeJA (50, 200, and 500 μM) on the accumulation of squalene and cucurbitadienol in the fruits of S. grosvenorii at 10, 20, and 30 days after flowering (DAF) was tested for the first time. Since mogroside II E is the main cucurbitane-type triterpenoid present at this time, its concentration was also determined. The results show that MeJA can indeed promote squalene and cucurbitadienol accumulation, the application of 500 μM MeJA at 30 DAF being optimal. The concentration of squalene and cucurbitadienol increased up to 0.43 and 4.71 μg/g dry weight (DW), respectively, both of which were 1.2-fold greater than that of the control. The content of mogroside II E increased by 15% over the untreated group. We subsequently analyzed the expression of key genes involved in the mogroside biosynthetic pathway, including the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene (SgHMGR), squalene synthetase gene (SgSQS), cucurbitadienol synthase gene (SgCS), and cytochrome P450 (SgCYP450) with quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that transcriptional levels of these genes were upregulated following the treatment described above. Additionally, their responses in the presence of MeJA was related to the concentration and timing of MeJA treatment

Methyl jasmonate-induced accumulation of metabolites and transcriptional responses involved in triterpene biosynthesis in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit at different growing stages

The cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides, mogrosides, are the main active components of Siraitia grosvenorii fruit. Squalene and cucurbitadienol are among the intermediates of the biosynthetic pathway for the formation of cucurbitane-type triterpenoid backbones of mogrosides. It is recognized that the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) increases the accumulation of secondary metabolites in various plant species. Here, the effect of MeJA (50, 200, and 500 μM) on the accumulation of squalene and cucurbitadienol in the fruits of S. grosvenorii at 10, 20, and 30 days after flowering (DAF) was tested for the first time. Since mogroside II E is the main cucurbitane-type triterpenoid present at this time, its concentration was also determined. The results show that MeJA can indeed promote squalene and cucurbitadienol accumulation, the application of 500 μM MeJA at 30 DAF being optimal. The concentration of squalene and cucurbitadienol increased up to 0.43 and 4.71 μg/g dry weight (DW), respectively, both of which were 1.2-fold greater than that of the control. The content of mogroside II E increased by 15% over the untreated group. We subsequently analyzed the expression of key genes involved in the mogroside biosynthetic pathway, including the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene (SgHMGR), squalene synthetase gene (SgSQS), cucurbitadienol synthase gene (SgCS), and cytochrome P450 (SgCYP450) with quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that transcriptional levels of these genes were upregulated following the treatment described above. Additionally, their responses in the presence of MeJA was related to the concentration and timing of MeJA treatment

Establishing the foundations for genetic analysis in the sexual planarian Schmidtea mediterranea

We propose to establish a free-living, fresh water flatworm species from the superphylum Lophotrochozoa, Schmidtea mediterranea, to be a genetic model system. S. mediterranea has been vigorously investigated as a powerful system to study adult stem cells and organ regeneration. Its sexual biotype has also been established as a system to understand the inductive mode of germ cell formation that is broadly shared by a lot of species including mammals. However, little is known about the sexual reproduction and genetics in this organism, which limited the availability of genetic approaches. As the sexual planarian is found scattered but with relative abundance in Sardinia, its natural history also presents us the opportunity to study inbreeding’s effect on genetic variability and species survival. Therefore, to study sexual reproduction and genetic inheritance in S. mediterranea will provide us unique opportunities to understand whole body regeneration, inductive germ cell formation, and inbreeding. In this dissertation, progresses in the establishment of the foundation for genetic analysis in S. mediterranea were presented. Though a simultaneous hermaphrodite, the anatomical and genotyping studies concluded that S. mediterranea cross-fertilize. One worm (line S2) was inbred for 10 generations by taking one progeny from each generation and crossing this individual to its regenerated clones. Whole genome sequencing of four different generations in this inbreeding pedigree revealed ~300Mb of the genome maintained their heterozygosity. Further sequencing analysis of the male and female gametes found these regions had low recombination rates, and maintained as two haplotypes (J-/V- haplotypes). Failure of gametes of the same haplotype to form progeny is unlikely due to embryonic lethality as the arrested embryos were significantly less than hatchlings. Additional analysis of two lines (D5D/D5I) with 90% of these regions homozygous as the J-haplotype suggested failure in fertilization between gametes of the same haplotype. Hence, we propose that haplotype incompatibility is the driving mechanisms to maintain genome heterozygosity in the planarian genome. Understanding of the genetic strategies in S. mediterranea will help the development of genetic approaches to study regeneration and germ cell specification. Our findings also suggest S. mediterranea can be a model system to study the evolution of sex and gamete incompatibility