The Theology and Psychology of the Negroes\u27 Religion Prior to 1860 as Shown Particularly in the Spirituals: A Thesis

In this thesis the writer has endeavored to treat the distinctive religion of the American Negroes so as to make evident, as far as he is able, the circumstances of its origin, its early development, the changes which have conditioned it, the theology in which it has been formulated, and the psychological motives which have been expressed in it. This study is made with the following specific objectives in view: 1. To study the Negro Spirituals as a body of musical literature in which the Negroes\u27 religion prior to 1861 is embodied. 2. To point out the most outstanding features of the religion of the West Africans, in order to see to what extent they revealed themselves in the religion of the Spirituals. 3. To make a detailed study of the religious instruction received by the Negroes from 1619 to 1861 in order to see what characteristics they borrowed from American Christianity. 4. To describe the theology of the Negroes\u27 religion as revealed in the Spirituals. 5. To point out the underlying psychological effects of the revivalists worship upon the Negroes\u27 religion. My thesis is that the Negroes\u27 religion is not African, but American, a religion that was created by their contact with Christianity in America. In so doing, I place great emphasis upon the fact that the Negroes were secured in Africa and dispersed in America in such a way to break the continuity of their cultural heritage. If anything of the African remained, it was their emotional tone and culture rather than their religious conceptions

CFD SIMULATION OF A LIQUID-FLUIDIZED BED OF BINARY PARTICLES

The ability of computational fluid dynamics to predict the expansion and segregation of a binary solids mixture in a liquid-solid fluidized bed is investigated. Unsteady laminar flow is simulated by a modified two-dimensional Eulerian-Eulerian model in Fluent 6.3. The predictions are compared with experimental results for binary particles in the same narrow (1.00-1.18 mm) size range, but with different densities, 1600 and 1900 kg/m3, fluidized by water (1). The voidages and heights of two layers which form, each dominated by one particle species, were found to be sensitive to small changes in particle properties (diameter, density, sphericity), as well as temperature (because of its effect on the water viscosity). As a result, agreement between simulations and experimental results depends on several incompletely characterized factors. Temperature via the water viscosity greatly influences heights and volume fractions of the two layers. Allowing for non-spherical particle shapes is also crucial in reconciling predictions and experimental data

Du paradigme perdu au paradigme... retrouvé ? Pour une sociologie du développement orientée vers les acteurs.

Ce chapitre est constitué de deux parties. Le premier dépeint le caractère paradigmatique de l'opposition entre approche structurale et approche basée sur les acteurs dans l'étude du développement et du changement social et se prononce en faveur de l'injection dans la recherche empirique d'une perspective basée sur les acteurs plus approfondie et mieux théorisée. Le second chapitre retrace mes propres expériences et mes propres luttes pour concilier la théorie et la pratique dans mes travaux..

Du paradigme perdu au paradigme... retrouvé ? Pour une sociologie du développement orientée vers les acteurs.

Ce chapitre est constitué de deux parties. Le premier dépeint le caractère paradigmatique de l'opposition entre approche structurale et approche basée sur les acteurs dans l'étude du développement et du changement social et se prononce en faveur de l'injection dans la recherche empirique d'une perspective basée sur les acteurs plus approfondie et mieux théorisée. Le second chapitre retrace mes propres expériences et mes propres luttes pour concilier la théorie et la pratique dans mes travaux..

Modos de vida transnacionales, prácticas organizativas y remesas sociales en el centro de Perú

This article examines issues of migration and translocal livelihoods in Peru. Migration constitutes an ongoing process of adaptation between networks of family and community over space and time, and requires an in-depth understanding of the nature of translocality as experienced by the particular actors involved. Based on diachronic genealogical ethnographic work, it adopts an actor-oriented analysis to understand the relations and cultural practices involved in articulating migrants with those who stay home.Este artículo examina cuestiones relacionadas con la migración y los modos de vida translocales en Perú. La migración constituye un proceso continuo, a través del espacio y el tiempo, de adaptación entre las redes familiares y comunitarias, y requiere de una exhaustiva comprensión del carácter de la translocalidad, tal como la experimentan los actores involucrados en el proceso. Con base en un trabajo etnográfico diacrónico y genealógico, se emplea un análisis centrado en el actor para comprender las relaciones y prácticas culturales que intervienen en la articulación de los migrantes con quienes se quedan en el lugar de origen

Noise effect on Grover algorithm

The decoherence effect on Grover algorithm has been studied numerically through a noise modelled by a depolarizing channel. Two types of error are introduced characterizing the qubit time evolution and gate application, so the noise is directly related to the quantum network construction. The numerical simulation concludes an exponential damping law for the successive probability of the maxima as time increases. We have obtained an allowed-error law for the algorithm: the error threshold for the allowed noise behaves as Eth(N) ~ 1/N1.1 (N being the size of the data set). As the power of N is almost one, we consider the Grover algorithm as robust to a certain extent against decoherence. This law also provides an absolute threshold: if the free evolution error is greater than 0.043, Grover algorithm does not work for any number of qubits affected by the present error model. The improvement in the probability of success, in the case of two qubits has been illustrated by using a fault-tolerant encoding of the initial state by means of the [[7,1,3]] quantum code.Comment: Accepted to be published in Eur. Phys. J. D (2008

Lower Bound Algorithm for the Enhanced Modular Signal Processor

Computing and Information Science