Magnetoelectric Properties of Pb Free Bi2FeTiO6: A Theoretical Investigation

The structural, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of Pb free double perovskite multiferroic Bi2FeTiO6 are investigated using density functional theory within the general gradient approximation (GGA) method. Our structural optimization using total energy calculations for different potential structures show a minimum energy for a non-centrosymmetric rhombohedral structure with R3 space group. Bi2FeTiO6 is found to be an antiferromagnetic insulator with C-type magnetic ordering with bandgap value of 0.3 eV. The calculated magnetic moment of 3.52 \mu_B at Fe site shows the high spin arrangement of 3d electrons which is also confirmed by our orbital projected density of states analysis. We have analyzed the characteristics of bonding present between the constituents of Bi2FeTiO6 with the help of calculated partial density of states and Born effective charges. The ground state of the nearest centrosymmetric structure is found to be a G-type antiferromagnet with half metallicity showing that by the application of external electric field we can not only get a polarized state but also change the magnetic ordering and electronic structure in the present compound indicating strong magnetoelectric coupling. The cation sites the coexistence of Bi 6s lone pair (bring disproportionate charge distribution) and Ti4+ d0 ions which brings covalency produces off-center displacement and favors a non-centrosymmetric ground state and thus ferroelectricity. Our Berry phase calculation gives a polarization of 48 \muCcm-2 for Bi2FeTiO6.Comment: 4 pages, 5 picture

Effects of Violence against Women on Higher Education in Mizoram, India

This study is an empirical research aimed at identifying the causes of violence against women in graduate schools in Mizoram, and its effect on higher education. The researcher adopted a mixed approach and used quantitative and qualitative methodologies to analyze the context, dynamics and practices implemented in Mizoram Graduate Schools to minimize violence against women. Four forms of abuse, namely physical, verbal, sexual and psychological violence against women, have been seen in various Mizoram degree colleges. Youth fashion, hostile family environment, pressure of examination, peer group, disabilities of women, influence of drugs and alcohol and computer gadgets are main causes of violence against women in Mizoram severely affecting women in higher education and academic achievement. The Government of India should take initiatives to reduce violence against women to improve higher education of women in Mizoram

Financial Planning for Educated Young Women in India

Financial Planning is required for all men and women, irrespective of their age, educational background, income level, socio-cultural affiliation and family status. However, financial planning is considered mandatory for women, while it is important for men. Women outlive men by 2 to 3 years in India. As per the 2011 census estimate, life expectancy at birth for men in India is 66 years against 68 years for women. On the average, women earn only 76% of the amount earned by their male counterparts in the same profession. While men earn money uninterruptedly throughout their working life, women often need to take break, especially when they have children. Motherhood often interrupts their career. Many women leave their employment during early stage of their career for child birth / child care. Some of them return to work, while others do not. Those who come back to work often face the compulsion of starting their career all over again. As a result, their   superannuation benefits (PF, Gratuity, Pension etc.) remain lower. Women tend to be more conservative investors than men, which often means their portfolios do not grow as quickly when they are young – a time when they should be investing aggressively. Women are more intimidated about financial issues than men. Because of low level of interest in money matters and fear of going wrong, women often allow men (father / brother/ husband) to take financial decision on their behalf, but it has been observed that in nine out of ten cases they require to take such decisions independently later in their life. Women comprise a horrifying 87% of the impoverished elderly.  They, therefore, need to plan for their retirement carefully and need long term health care insurance. Taking control of one’s own personal finances can increase financial security. Kewwords: Financial Planning, Personal Finance, Financial Security, Empowerment of Women, Financial Education, Budgeting, Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Insurance Planning, Liability Planning, Estate Planning, Tax Planning

Prediction of Magnetoelectric behavior in Bi2MnTiO6

We present results from ab initio calculations based on density functional theory for bismuth-based double perovskite Bi2MnTiO6. Using total energy calculation with stress and force minimization we have predicted the equilibrium crystal structure for Bi2MnTiO6 considering potential structures into the calculation. We have predicted that the ground state of Bi2MnTiO6 will be a noncentrosymmetric rhombohedral structure with space group R3c. Our spin polarized calculation for different possible collinear magnetic configurations we found that Bi2MnTiO6 will be an insulator with G-type antiferromagnetic ordering in its ground state. The coexistence of both stereochemically active Bi-6s lone pair and the Ti4+ with d0-ness which bring covalency results in the stabilization of noncentrosymmetric structure and thus ferroelectricity. Our orbital projected density of states plot shows that the Mn2+ in Bi2MnTiO6 will be at high spin state with a spin moment of 4.28 {\mu}B. Hence Bi2MnTiO6 is predicted to be a magnetoelectric material.Comment: 3 pages, submitted to proceedings for the "61st DAE Solid State Physics Symposium" Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Indi

Accuracy improvement in odia zip code recognition technique

Odia is a very popular language in India which is used by more than 45 million people worldwide, especially in the eastern region of India. The proposed recognition schemes for foreign languages such as Roman, Japanese, Chinese and Arabic can’t be applied directly for odia language because of the different structure of odia script. Hence, this report deals with the recognition of odia numerals with taking care of the varying style of handwriting. The main purpose is to apply the recognition scheme for zip code extraction and number plate recognition. Here, two methods “gradient and curvature method” and “box-method approach” are used to calculate the features of the preprocessed scanned image document. Features from both the methods are used to train the artificial neural network by taking a large no of samples from each numeral. Enough testing samples are used and results from both the features are compared. Principal component analysis has been applied to reduce the dimension of the feature vector so as to help further processing. The features from box-method of an unknown numeral are correlated with that of the standard numerals. While using neural networks, the average recognition accuracy using gradient and curvature features and box-method features are found to be 93.2 and 88.1 respectively

A Review on Intelligent Agent Systems

Multi-agent system (MAS) is a common way of exploiting the potential power of agent by combining many agents in one system. Each agent in a multivalent system has incomplete information and is in capable of solving entire problem on its own. Multi-agent system offers modularity. If a problem domain is particularly complex, large and contain uncertainty, then the one way to address, it to develop a number of functional specific and modular agent that are specialized at solving various problems individually. It also consists of heterogeneous agents implemented by different tool and techniques. MAS can be defining as loosely coupled network of problem solvers that interact to solve problems that are beyond the individual capabilities or knowledge of each problem solver. These problem solvers, often ailed agent are autonomous and can be heterogeneous in nature. MAS is followed by characteristics, Future application, What to be change, problem solving agent, tools and techniques used, various architecture, multi agent applications and finally future Direction and conclusion. Various Characteristics are limited viewpoint, effectively, decentralized; computation is asynchronous, use of genetic algorithms. It has some drawbacks which must be change to make MAS more effective. In the session of problem solving of MAS, the agent performance measure contains many factors to improve it like formulation of problems, task allocation, organizations. In planning of multivalent this paper cover self-interested multivalent interactions, modeling of other agents, managing communication, effective allocation of limited resources to multiple agents with managing resources. Using of tool, to make the agent more efficient in task that are often used. The architecture o MAS followed by three layers, explore, wander, avoid obstacles respectively. Further different and task decomposition can yield various architecture like BDI (Belief Desire Intension), RETSINA. Various applications of multi agent system exist today, to solve the real-life problems, new systems are being developed two distinct categories and also many others like process control, telecommunication, air traffic control, transportation systems, commercial management, electronic commerce, entertainment applications, medical applications. The future aspect of MAS to solve problems that are too large, to allow interconnection and interoperation of multiple existing legacy systems etc

Guiding principles and practices of peace education followed in secondary schools of Mizoram

The significance of peace education is universally recognized for a safe and prospering future for the world at school level as peace education aims at equipping the future citizens with necessary knowledge, attitude and skills so that they would acknowledge and respect all kinds of diversity and understand human dignity. This paper is based on an empirical research aiming how far guiding principles and practices of peace education followed in secondary schools of Mizoram. The concept of peace education, guiding principles of peace education and practices on peace-related activities being followed in the secondary schools of Mizoram were explored. The study revealed that peace education was not being taught as a separate subject. Peace education component was infused in the existing curriculum and also was being taught through co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. Besides, teachers must reflect in their behavior all the guiding principles of peace. They should encourage the students for critical thinking, reasoning, develop awareness on societal problems and issues, broaden their outlook, concentrate on studies, and to be associated with various activities. In Mizoram, students’ unions and church organizations used to play a prominent role in shaping and moulding the character of the people starting from the early stage of life which ultimately benefits the society and the nation. However, in the context of rapid change in social structure and modernization process, there is need for inculcating the values of peace for which schools have to play important role

Constructivism in the Primary School Curriculum

The aim of this study was to examine whether the 5th grade elementary school curricula of Oriya, English, Mathematics, and Environmental science (EVS) courses were congruent with the principles and standards of the constructivist education. Qualitative research methods were used in this small-scale case study which was conducted in an elementary school in oringabalisahi upper primary school, Orissa. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and document analyses in the academic year of 2009-2010. The population of interest consisted of 1 BEO, 1 Oriya teacher, 3 English teachers, 4 Mathematics teachers, and 3 Environmental science (EVS) teachers. The findings indicate that the performances of the curricula under investigation are congruent with the principles of the constructivist education. Similarly, the stated and unstated intents of the curricula are congruent with their performances and the standards of the constructivist education