Ritual complexes ("geoglifs") of the Turgay Deflection (preliminary message)

Turgay deflection, the territory is contoured from the west by the spurs of the South Ural Mountains, from the east by the Kazakh Uplands and the spurs of the Ulutau Mountains, merges with the West Siberian Lowland in the north, and goes to the Shalkar-Teniz Basin in the south. The term "geoglyph" is a pattern created in a relief way on the ground. This concept was used to describe the giant patterns, lines and geometric figures known as the Nazca geoglyphs of South America. In connection with the absence in the archeology of the Eurasian steppes, analogous to the Turgay sites, the authors used the term "geoglyph" to refer to the huge man-made geometric figures of Turgay. As the data accumulated, the authors came to the conclusion that the term "geoglyph" does not reflect the essence of Turgay objects and their functional purpose, and can only be used for these objects conditionally, therefore the term "geometric earthworks". For the first time information about objects that later received the name "Torgay's geoglyphs" was obtained at the general meeting of the Orenburg Academic Archive Commission in 1909 in the report of B.A. Skalova, whose report is given in the work of IA. Castanje "Antiquities of the Kirghiz steppe and the Orenburg region." In the future, these objects did not attract the proper attention of researchers, the situation has changed at the present time when aero and space images have become widely available. As a result of the study of space images available in the Google Earth program, in 2007, D. Dey found a number of geometric objects consisting of barrow-shaped mounds. Employees of the archaeological laboratory of Kostanay State University and Turgay Archaeological Expedition carried out work on the detection and fixation of this type of monuments. In total for the period 2007-2016. Found during the study of space images, 84 "geoglyphs" of which 61 objects were visited and fixed. The objects under consideration are relatively compact within the Turgay deflection at high points and have large (32-680 m) dimensions and geometric shapes. Monuments are built of: kurgan-like embankments (59) and shafts (2). "Geoglyphs", built of shafts, are represented by one type - "swastika". In the group of "geoglyphs", built from kurgan-like embankments in shape, the following are distinguished: "line", "cross", "square", "ring". Archaeological excavations were undertaken on one of the embankments of the Ushtogai square (2007) and the Small Ashutasty Cross (2013). In addition, a geophysical method. A review of the analogies given by OSL and AMS analyzes make it possible to include Turgai's "geoglyphs" as ritual-sacral objects that existed between the epoch of the final bronze and the first centuries of our era. At the moment, there is no reason to use such a term as "geoglyph", since it does not reflect the essence of Turgai objects and their functional purpose. In our opinion, it would be more accurate to call these objects ritual complexes, since, most likely they belong to the sacred sphere of man

Особенности фолликулогенеза в щитовидой железе крыс в условиях влияния солей тяжелых металлов

Целью настоящей работы было исследование механизма фолликулогенеза в щитовидной железе в условиях влияния на организм комбинации солей тяжелых металлов. Исследование было проведено на 24 белых лабораторных крысах. Путем математического моделирования было установлено, что в стенке фолликула эллипсоидной формы большее напряжение возникает по продольному разрезу эллипса, а в поперечном разрезе напряжение уменьшается. Обращается внимание на существенную роль внутрифолликулярного коллоидного давления в процессах фолликулогенеза. В работе делается предположение о том, что разница между периферическим и центральным фолликулогенезом возникает вследствии разных значений внутрифолликулярного давления, что в свою очередь является производным от разной функциональной активности фолликулярного эпителия. Ключевые слова: щитовидная железа, фолликулогенез, коллоид, напряжение, внутрифолликулярное давление, математическое моделирование. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20475The pecularities of folliculogenesis of thyroid gland under the influence of heavy metal salts The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of folliculogenesis in the thyroid gland under the influence of combinations of heavy metals salts on the organism. The study was conducted on 24 white laboratory rats. Mathematical modelling shows that in the wall of the follicle ellipsoid greater tension arises from the longitudinal section of an ellipse and a cross-sectional voltage decreases. The paper attention to the important role of intraluminal colloidal pressure in the process of folliculogenesis. The paper makes the assumption that the difference between peripheral and central folliculogenesises arises as a result of the different of intraluminal pressure, which in turn is derived from different functional activity of the follicular epithelium. Key words: thyroid gland, folliculogenesis, colloid, voltage, intraluminal pressure, mathematical modeling. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2047

Semiozernoe II settlement

The Semiozernoe II settlement is located at the centre of the northern Turgay Valley which lies between Turan Plain and West Siberian Plain, Kazakhstan. Since 1973 it has been frequently mentioned by researchers of Sintashta culture and Petrovka culture. Since published material of the site was fragmented and limited, it is difficult to have a precise notion of its material culture. As a result, the settlement is defined as Sintashta in one part and as Petrovka in another part of the same scientific study [Vinogradov, 2011, p. 27, 97]. Meanwhile, the Semiozernoe II settlement is the only studied site of these cultures without artifacts of other epoch in Kazakhstan thus far. Therefore the main aim of this study is to describe information gathered during settlement excavation as completely as possible. But due to the aim and limitations of volume interpretative statements turned out to be very brief. Later the authors will publish a more detailed work, and possibly readers may consider this paper as food for reflection. At the settlement there were excavated 1545 m2 of occupation layer and remains of six constructions. Apparently the settlement was established by metallurgists. Only the construction 1 can be recognized as dwelling. Many everyday non-metalworking artifacts were discovered there. The construction 3 was used mainly for copper smelting. There is a big metallurgical furnace there, but no small furnaces. The constructions 2, 4, 5 were used for subsequent metalwork operations based on small furnaces, many hearths, chisel mould and other findings. When comparing pottery from the Semiozernoe II settlement and the Arkaim settlement, it is ascertained that main pottery types of these sites are the same [Malutina, Zdanovich, 2004]. This represents the settlements as part of one culture tradition at the same time. Small size of the Semiozernoe II, small density of occupation layer, functional specialization of constructions indicates at short duration of the settlement. Similarity of the pottery from the Semiozernoe II and the Arkaim enables us to consider poorness of occupation layer at the Arkaim as a result of its short duration too. The above-mentioned leads to the conclusion that the attempt to split the Arkaim collection into Sintashta and later Petrovka is apparently unsuccessful [Vinogradov, 2011, p. 96]. In broad terms, it is necessary to return to the problem of correlation between Sintashta and Petrovka antiquities