Culture and Human Values: Chrsitian Intervention in Anthropological Pe

Pasadenaxviii, 445 p.; 23 c

Experiencia de alfabetización con los indios chocoes

eng: The experiences of U.S. and Panamanian professors in teaching Chocó Indians to read and write have produced excellent results. They have also shown the worth of starting this process through the Indian language, using spanish spelling by preference, and then going on to be the latter language. To do this, they first train some lndians to serve as "promotores" who in turn teach others to read in the two languages. Once the Indians have learned to read, their assimilation into the nation will become easier, as there are a great number of advantages for them to be obtained.spa: Las experiencias de profesores estadounidenses y panameños en la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura a los indios Chocoes han dado excelentes resultados. También han demostrado la conveniencia de iniciar este proceso a través de la lengua india, utilizando preferentemente la ortografía española, para luego pasar a esta última lengua. Para ello, primero forman a algunos indios para que sirvan de "promotores" que a su vez enseñan a otros a leer en las dos lenguas. Una vez que los indios hayan aprendido a leer, su asimilación a la nación será más fácil, ya que podrán obtener un gran número de ventajas

Conjugation of desmethylnaproxen in the rat - A novel acyl glucuronide-sulfate diconjugate as a major biliary metabolite

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen is primarily metabolized in humans by acyl glucuronidation to form naproxen acyl glucuronide and by O-dealkylation to form 6-O-desmethylnaproxen (DMN). DMN contains both carboxy and phenolic groups and has been shown to form acyl glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. This project aimed to investigate whether DMN formed a phenolic glucuronide and diglucuronide(s) (with both the carboxy and phenolic groups glucuronidated). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) with exteriorized bile flow were dosed i.v. with DMN at 50 mg/kg. Four major DMN-related peaks were detected in bile by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis at 225 nm, including the known acyl glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Selective hydrolyses using acidic and alkaline conditions and digestion with beta-glucuronidase allowed tentative identification of the two unknown peaks as the phenolic glucuronide of DMN and a novel acyl glucuronide-sulfate diconjugate of DMN (i.e., formed by sulfonation of the phenolic group and glucuronidation of the carboxy group). The identities were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of individual HPLC fractions. Total recovery of the DMN dose was approximately 80%, with the sulfate conjugate (50%) and unchanged DMN (10%) being excreted predominantly in urine and the acyl glucuronide (10%), phenolic glucuronide (6%), and acyl glucuronide-sulfate diconjugate (4%) being excreted predominantly or exclusively in bile. No evidence for a diglucuronide metabolite of DMN was found in either bile or urine of the DMN-dosed rats

Purification and characterization of an intracellular catalase-peroxidase from Penicillium simplicissimum

The first dimeric catalase-peroxidase of eucaryotic origin, an intracellular hydroperoxidase from Penicillium simplicissimum which exhibited both catalase and peroxidase activities, has been isolated. The enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of about 170 kDa and is composed of two identical subunits. The purified protein has a pH optimum for catalase activity at 6.4 and for peroxidase at 5.4. Both activities are inhibited by cyanide and azide whereas 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole has no effect. 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine, 3,3’-dimethoxybenzidine, guaiacol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) all serve as substrates. The optical spectrum of the purified enzyme shows a Soret band at 407 nm. Reduction by dithionite results in the disappearance of the Soret band and formation of three absorption maxima at 440, 562 and 595 nm. The prosthetic group was identified as a protoheme IX and EPR spectroscopy revealed the presence of a histidine residue as proximal ligand. In addition to the catalase-peroxidase, an atypical catalase which is active over a broad pH range was also partially purified from P simplicissimum. This catalase is located in the periplasm and contains a chlorin-type heme as prosthetic group.